ATI RN
ATI SP 250 Exam 3 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has malignant melanoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect when assessing the lesion?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Malignant melanoma is a rare but aggressive type of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in the skin. It can appear as a new or changing mole that has an irregular shape, uneven color, large size, or bleeding tendency. It may also be purplish in color due to vascular invasion or hemorrhage within the lesion.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who has AIDS. The nurse notes that the client has multiple and widespread raised, purplish-brown skin lesions. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancer that causes abnormal growth of blood vessels and connective tissue, resulting in purplish-brown lesions. It is associated with AIDS due to immunosuppression and human herpesvirus 8 infection. The lesions are caused by human herpesvirus 8 and can appear anywhere on the body, but are more common on the face, trunk, and extremities.
Extract:
Diagnostic Results
January:
• Laboratory: CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm³ (Normal range: 600-1500 cells/mm³)
June:
• Laboratory: CD4 cell count 90 cells/mm³ (Normal range: 600-1500 cells/mm³)
• Chest x-ray: Bilateral white infiltrates consistent with pneumonia
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in a community health clinic is caring for a client who has a history of HIV. For each of the following assessment findings for the client, identify if the finding is consistent with HIV stage I or HIV stage III (AIDS). Each finding may support more than one disease process.
| Options | HIV stage I | HIV stage III |
|---|---|---|
| CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm3 (600-1500 cells/mm3) | ||
| Weight changes | ||
| Chest x-ray showing bilateral white infiltrates consistent with pneumonia | ||
| Skin condition | ||
| Latest CD4 cell count |
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm³ is consistent with HIV stage II or III, as it indicates significant immunosuppression. Chest x-ray showing bilateral white infiltrates consistent with pneumonia is indicative of HIV stage III (AIDS), as opportunistic infections like pneumonia are common. Latest CD4 cell count (90 cells/mm³) is consistent with HIV stage III (AIDS), as it is below 200 cells/mm³, a threshold for AIDS diagnosis.
Extract:
Vital Signs
• Temperature 38.1° C (100.6° F)
• Heart rate 122/min
• Respiratory rate 26/min
• BP 136/85 mm Hg
• Oxygen saturation 93% on room air
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. The client is at risk for developing .
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that affects the lungs and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets. People with HIV are more susceptible to tuberculosis because their immune system is weakened by the virus. Tuberculosis can cause fever, cough, weight loss, and night sweats. The client's vital signs indicate that they have a fever and a high heart rate and respiratory rate, which could be signs of tuberculosis.
Extract:
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving mechanical ventilation and has an ideal weight of 60 kg. The nurse should expect the tidal volume to be set at which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is because the recommended tidal volume for mechanical ventilation is 6 to 8 mL/kg of ideal body weight.
Therefore, for a client who has an ideal weight of 60 kg, the tidal volume should be between 360 and 480 mL.