ATI RN
ATI Nproo 2100 Exam Unit 3 Fundamentals Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has hypovolemic shock. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as an expected finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oliguria. In hypovolemic shock, the body's fluid volume is significantly reduced, leading to decreased urine output (oliguria). This is a result of the body trying to conserve fluid to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs. Flushing of the skin (choice
A) is not an expected finding in hypovolemic shock, as the body's response is to vasoconstrict to maintain blood pressure. Bradypnea (choice
C) is not typical in hypovolemic shock, as the body usually compensates by increasing respiratory rate to improve oxygenation. Hypertension (choice
D) is not expected in hypovolemic shock, as the body tries to increase heart rate to maintain cardiac output in response to decreased blood volume.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values for a client. The pH is 7.32, PaCO2 48 mm Hg, and the HCO3 is 23 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate which of the following acid-base balances?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory acidosis. The pH is below the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 is elevated (normal range 35-45 mm Hg), suggesting respiratory involvement. The HCO3 is within the normal range (22-26 mEq/L) which rules out metabolic causes. In respiratory acidosis, the lungs are unable to eliminate enough CO2, leading to carbonic acid accumulation, thus lowering the pH.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 values do not align with metabolic alkalosis, respiratory alkalosis, or metabolic acidosis, respectively.
Question 3 of 5
A client is admitted to the emergency room with a respiratory rate of 7/min. Arterial blood gases (ABG) reveal the following values. Which of the following is an appropriate analysis of the ABGs? pH 7.22, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, Base excess -2, PaO2 78 mm Hg, Saturation 80%, Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory acidosis. The low respiratory rate (hypoventilation) leads to retention of CO2, resulting in high PaCO2 (normal range 35-45 mm Hg) and low pH. The pH of 7.22 indicates acidosis. Additionally, the PaO2 of 78 mm Hg is slightly low, indicating hypoxemia, commonly seen in respiratory acidosis. Base excess of -2 suggests a compensatory mechanism to increase bicarbonate levels. Bicarbonate of 26 mEq/L is within the normal range, supporting the primary respiratory acidosis. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the ABG values provided. Metabolic acidosis (choice
B) would have a low bicarbonate level, and metabolic alkalosis (choice
C) would have a high bicarbonate level. Respiratory alkalosis (choice
D) would have a low PaCO2 and a high pH.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing postoperative care to a client who lost 800 mL of blood during surgery. The client's blood pressure has been steadily decreasing over the past 2 hours. Which of the following categories of shock should the nurse recognize is occurring?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypovolemic shock. The client lost a significant amount of blood during surgery, leading to decreased circulating volume and subsequent drop in blood pressure. Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a severe decrease in blood volume, resulting in inadequate perfusion to tissues. The signs of shock such as hypotension and tachycardia align with the client's presentation. Obstructive shock (
A) typically occurs due to a physical obstruction of blood flow, not fluid loss. Septic shock (
B) is caused by a systemic infection, not blood loss. Neurogenic shock (
D) results from a disruption in autonomic nervous system function, not fluid loss.
Therefore, in this case, hypovolemic shock is the most appropriate category to recognize.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory values is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: CD4-T-cell count 180 cells/mm3. This is the nurse's priority because it directly reflects the client's immune status and helps guide treatment decisions in HIV management. A low CD4 count indicates immunosuppression and increased risk of opportunistic infections.
Choices B, C, and D are important in HIV care but do not directly indicate the severity of the client's condition like the CD4 count does. A positive Western blot test confirms HIV infection but does not provide immediate information on the client's immune status. Platelets and WBC are important for assessing overall health but do not specifically reflect the impact of HIV on the immune system.