ATI RN
ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has gastroenteritis. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse recognize as an indication that the client is experiencing dehydration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased blood pressure. Dehydration leads to a decrease in blood volume, causing a drop in blood pressure. As a result, the body tries to conserve fluids, leading to decreased urine output and concentrated urine. Distended jugular veins (
A) are more indicative of heart failure. Increased blood pressure (
B) is not typically associated with dehydration. Pitting, dependent edema (
D) is a sign of fluid overload, not dehydration.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has anorexia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of malnutrition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alopecia. Alopecia, or hair loss, is a common manifestation of malnutrition due to inadequate intake of essential nutrients. Malnutrition can lead to hair thinning and loss. Oily skin (
A) is more commonly associated with excess intake of fats. Increased salivation (
C) is not a typical manifestation of malnutrition. Diplopia (
D), or double vision, is not directly related to malnutrition.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I should take this medication as soon as the pain begins." This is correct because nitroglycerin is a rapid-acting medication used to relieve chest pain associated with angina. Taking it at the onset of chest pain helps dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart muscle.
Choice A is incorrect because taking another dose after 2 minutes could lead to overdose and hypotension.
Choice B is incorrect as the tablet should be placed under the tongue, not against the cheek and gum.
Choice C is incorrect because nitroglycerin should not be chewed but allowed to dissolve under the tongue.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse working in an outpatient clinic is planning a community education program about reproductive cancers. The nurse should identify which of the following manifestations as a possible indication of cervical cancer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Painless vaginal bleeding. Cervical cancer can present with abnormal vaginal bleeding, which may include bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause. This is due to the abnormal growth of cells in the cervix. Frequent diarrhea (
B), urinary hesitancy (
C), and unexplained weight gain (
D) are not typical manifestations of cervical cancer. Diarrhea and urinary hesitancy are more commonly associated with gastrointestinal or urinary tract issues, while unexplained weight gain can be linked to various factors such as hormonal imbalances or dietary changes.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing a decrease in cardiac output?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dyspnea. In left-sided heart failure, the heart is unable to pump efficiently, leading to a decrease in cardiac output. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) occurs due to the accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary congestion), indicating decreased cardiac output. Weight gain (
A) and distended abdomen (
B) are more indicative of right-sided heart failure. Confusion (
C) can be a sign of decreased cerebral perfusion, but dyspnea is a more direct indicator of decreased cardiac output in left-sided heart failure.