ATI RN
ATI RN Pediatric Nursing 2023 I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 6-month-old infant who has gastroenteritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of severe dehydration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sunken anterior fontanel. Severe dehydration in infants can lead to sunken fontanelles due to decreased fluid volume. Capillary refill time of 3 seconds (choice
A) is within normal limits. Weight loss of 5% (choice
C) is significant but not specific to severe dehydration. Producing tears when crying (choice
D) indicates some hydration.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that treatment has been effective?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urine output 256 mL over 8 hr. In nephrotic syndrome, the hallmark sign of treatment effectiveness is increased urine output due to improved kidney function. This indicates that the kidneys are effectively filtering waste products from the body. Odorless urine (
A) and no pain with voiding (
B) are important but do not directly reflect kidney function. Temperature (
D) is within normal range and does not indicate treatment effectiveness for nephrotic syndrome.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a school-age child who is receiving morphine. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nausea. Morphine, an opioid analgesic, commonly causes gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. The nurse should monitor for nausea as it can lead to vomiting, dehydration, and poor oral intake. Prolonged wound healing (
A) is not a typical adverse effect of morphine. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (
C) is a severe skin reaction usually caused by medications other than morphine. Renal failure (
D) is not a common adverse effect of morphine; however, it can occur in patients with pre-existing kidney issues or when morphine is used in high doses for a prolonged period.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a child who has heart failure. Which of the following findings is a clinical manifestation associated with this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachypnea. In heart failure, the heart cannot pump effectively, causing fluid to build up in the lungs, leading to respiratory distress and tachypnea (rapid breathing). Tremors and increased appetite are not typically associated with heart failure. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a common clinical manifestation of heart failure; instead, it can be a sign of worsening condition.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching about home care to the parent of a child who has scabies. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Treat everyone who came into close contact with the child. This is important because scabies is highly contagious and can easily spread to others in close contact. Treating all close contacts helps prevent further spread of the infestation.
A: Washing the child's hair with ketoconazole shampoo is not effective for treating scabies, as scabies mites burrow under the skin, not in the hair.
C: Applying petroleum jelly does not kill the scabies mites or eggs, so it is not an effective treatment.
D: Soaking combs and brushes in boiling water helps to prevent reinfestation but does not treat the actual infestation.