ATI RN
ATI RN Pediatric Nursing 2023 I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has cystic fibrosis about home care following discharge. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Your child should take pancreatic enzymes with meals and snacks. This is because cystic fibrosis affects the pancreas, leading to difficulty digesting food. Pancreatic enzymes help the body break down and absorb nutrients properly.
A is incorrect as chest x-rays are not routinely done for monitoring cystic fibrosis.
B is incorrect as tonsil and adenoid removal is not directly related to cystic fibrosis.
D is incorrect as isoniazid is used to treat tuberculosis, not cystic fibrosis.
In summary, the correct answer emphasizes the importance of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in managing cystic fibrosis, while the other choices are unrelated or incorrect in the context of cystic fibrosis management.
Question 2 of 5
A charge nurse is observing a staff nurse who is caring for a child who has pertussis. Which of the following actions by the staff nurse indicates an understanding of infection control practices?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because maintaining droplet precautions while the child is coughing and sneezing is appropriate for pertussis, which is transmitted through respiratory droplets. This includes wearing a mask within 3 feet of the child, ensuring proper hand hygiene, and using dedicated equipment. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because applying a face mask after entering the room, wearing gloves for bathroom assistance, and using an N95 respirator for airborne precautions are not specific to pertussis infection control measures. Option B is more focused on protecting the nurse rather than preventing transmission. Option C is not directly related to pertussis transmission, and option D is excessive for the mode of transmission of pertussis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has had a lumbar puncture. Which of the following complications should the nurse monitor the child for?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Headache. Following a lumbar puncture, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid can lead to a headache due to decreased pressure in the spinal canal. The nurse should monitor the child for signs of headache, including worsening with changes in position. Nuchal rigidity when standing (choice
A) is a sign of meningitis, not a lumbar puncture complication. Double vision (choice
B) is not typically associated with a lumbar puncture. Pain in the posterior iliac crest (choice
D) is not a common complication of a lumbar puncture.
Extract:
Infant was full-term at birth. Birth weight was 3.5 kg (7.7 lb). Infant is not gaining weight as expected. One week ago at outpatient visit, weight was 3.6 kg (7.9 lb). Parent reports for past 2 days infant is breathing faster during feedings and does not finish feedings. Parent also reports decreased appetite and puffiness around the infant's eyes. Parent states that the last wet diaper was about 10 hr ago. Infant admitted for diagnostic evaluation, failure to thrive, and nutritional/fluid support. Vital Signs Admission: Temperature 37.7° C (99.9° F), Heart rate 174/min while sleeping, Respiratory rate 72/min while sleeping. Assessment: Respirations: Tachypneic with moderate retractions and nasal flaring. Upon auscultation, crackles heard in all lung fields. No nasal drainage noted. Dry cough noted periodically. Skin: Pallor, scalp is diaphoretic, lower extremities are cool to touch. Cardiac: Tachycardic, regular rhythm, no murmur is heard. Peripheral pulses are full and bounding in the upper extremities and weak bilateral pedal pulses are noted. Fluids: Mucous membranes are slightly dry and pink. Skin turgor is slightly decreased. Capillary refill is 3 seconds. Noted periorbital edema and nonpitting edema of feet. Anterior fontanel is soft and slightly depressed. Diaper remains dry. Abdomen: Soft, full, round, bowel sounds are present and active. Blood pressure in right upper extremity 60/39 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation 90%. Laboratory Results: Chest x-ray: mild left ventricular hypertrophy is noted. Increased pulmonary vascular markings are noted in all lobes.
Question 4 of 5
Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing, 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.
Action to Take
Potential Condition
Parameter to Monitor
Correct Answer: C (Condition), A,B (Actions), B,C (Parameters)
Rationale: Action to Take: Provide chest physiotherapy and postural drainage, Elevate the head of the bed to a 45° angle; Potential Condition: Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis; Parameter to Monitor: Intake and output, Respiratory status.
Rationale: For a client most likely experiencing respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, the nurse should provide chest physiotherapy and postural drainage to help clear secretions and elevate the head of the bed to improve breathing. Monitoring intake and output helps assess hydration status, and monitoring respiratory status is crucial in evaluating the client's response to treatment and progression of the condition.
Incorrect choices: A includes conditions unrelated to the client's symptoms. B involves actions for different conditions and medications. C includes parameters not directly related to the potential condition.
Extract:
Nurses' Notes 0930: Parent presents child to provider's office. Parent reports the child has had a fever for 2 days and that the child has cried more than usual. Parent also reports the child has had a decreased appetite for the last 24 hr. Child febrile and lethargic. 0945: Notified provider of parent reports and child's fever. New prescriptions received. 1000: Urine sample obtained via sterile straight catheter. Vital Signs 0930: Temperature 38.4° C (101.1° F), Heart rate 128/min, Respiratory rate 28/min. Diagnostic Results 1030: Urinalysis: Appearance: cloudy and dark amber (clear), Specific gravity 1.035 (1.005 to 1.030), Leukocyte esterase: positive (negative), Nitrites: present (none), WBCS: 10 (0 to 4).
Question 5 of 5
Select words from the choices below to fill in each blank in the following sentence. The child is at risk for developing _______ and ______.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The correct answer is A (Nephrotic syndrome) and D (Acute glomerulonephritis) because both conditions are common kidney disorders in children. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia, putting the child at risk for fluid imbalances and infections. Acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli causing hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension, leading to potential renal damage and long-term complications.
Choices B, C, and E are not directly related to the child's risk in the given sentence.