ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Exam Special Unit ADN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse auscultates heart sounds. When the nurse hears S2, which valves is the nurse hearing close?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aortic and Pulmonic: The second heart sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves at the beginning of diastole. This marks the end of systole. Aortic and Mitral: The mitral valve is associated with the S1 sound, not S2. S2 occurs when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) close. Mitral and Pulmonic: The mitral valve closure is heard in S1, while the pulmonic valve closure is part of S2. However, the mitral valve is not involved in S2. Mitral and Tricuspid: The mitral and tricuspid valves close during S1, not S2. These valves are atrioventricular (AV) valves, not semilunar valves.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apply 4 to 5 mL of liquid soap to the hands: The recommended amount of liquid soap is 3 to 5 mL to effectively remove microorganisms. Using too little may not clean adequately, and using too much can make rinsing difficult. Hold the hands higher than the elbows: Hands should be held lower than the elbows to allow water to flow from the fingertips downward, preventing contamination of clean areas by dirty water. Rub hands and arms to dry: Hands should be dried by patting rather than rubbing to prevent skin irritation. Also, drying should focus on the hands first, then the wrists, and then the forearms to avoid recontamination. Adjust the water temperature to feel hot: Water should be warm, not hot, to prevent skin irritation and dryness. Hot water can damage the skin’s natural protective barrier, increasing susceptibility to infection.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has experienced a laparoscopic appendectomy. For which type of healing will the nurse focus the care plan?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary Intention: Primary intention healing occurs when surgical incisions are closed with sutures, staples, or adhesive strips. Since laparoscopic procedures involve small incisions that are closed immediately, this type of healing applies. Partial-thickness repair: Partial-thickness repair refers to wounds that involve only the epidermis and part of the dermis (e.g., abrasions, minor burns). Surgical incisions are full-thickness wounds, so this is not applicable. Secondary Intention: Secondary intention healing occurs when wounds heal from the inside out, typically seen in pressure ulcers, large open wounds, or infected wounds. Surgical wounds that are sutured do not heal by secondary intention. Tertiary Intention: Tertiary intention healing occurs when a wound is left open initially and later closed due to infection risk or delayed healing. Laparoscopic appendectomy wounds are closed immediately, making this choice incorrect.
Question 4 of 5
A school nurse identifies that a child has pediculosis capitis and educates the child's parents about the condition. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All recently used clothing, bedding, and towels must be washed in hot water': Lice and nits can survive on fabric surfaces, so washing clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water (≥130°F/54°
C) and drying on high heat is recommended to eliminate them. 'I will treat all the family members to be on the safe side': Treatment is only recommended for individuals who have active lice or close, prolonged contact with the infected child. Treating everyone unnecessarily may lead to overuse of medications. 'My child must be free from nits before returning to school': The CDC and AAP do not recommend 'no-nit' policies, as nits alone do not indicate active infestation. Children can return to school after appropriate treatment begins. '
Toys that can't be dry cleaned or washed must be thrown out': Non-washable items should be sealed in a plastic bag for 2 weeks to kill lice, rather than being thrown away.
Question 5 of 5
Which patient scenario of a surgical patient in pain is most indicative of critical thinking?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asking the patient what pain-relief methods, pharmacological and nonpharmacological, have worked best in the past: This approach assesses the patient’s individual experience and applies personalized care, which is a hallmark of critical thinking. Explaining to the patient that self-reporting of severe pain is not consistent with the minor procedure that was performed: Pain is subjective and should always be believed and assessed rather than dismissed based on procedure type. This does not demonstrate critical thinking. Administering pain-relief medication according to what was given last shift: Pain levels fluctuate, and medication effectiveness must be reassessed each time. Simply repeating the previous shift’s orders does not involve critical thinking. Offering pain-relief medications based on the provider’s orders: While following orders is necessary, critical thinking involves assessing the patient’s pain level and determining the most appropriate intervention rather than blindly administering medication.