ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Final Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A 45-year-old patient with a history of chronic alcohol use presents to the emergency department with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which of the following findings would best support a diagnosis of acute gastritis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erosion of the gastric mucosa on endoscopy is the hallmark of acute gastritis, often caused by alcohol irritation.
Question 2 of 5
A client diagnosed with type II diabetes controlled with a biguanide medication and a history of liver disease is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast medium of the abdomen to evaluate pancreatic function. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hydration is critical to protect kidney function and reduce contrast-induced nephropathy risk, especially with liver disease.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has esophageal varices and is hypotensive after vomiting 500 mL of blood. Which of the following actions is the nurse's highest priority?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increasing IV fluid rate is the priority to stabilize hypotension and restore blood volume in acute blood loss.
Question 4 of 5
A 50-year-old male patient with a history of chronic alcoholism presents with fatigue, glossitis, and peripheral neuropathy. Laboratory findings show a hemoglobin level of 9.0 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 110 fL. What type of anemia is most likely in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, caused by malabsorption in chronic alcoholism, presents with macrocytic anemia, glossitis, and neuropathy.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) rectally to a patient with an irregular pulse and weakness of the lower extremities. What laboratory finding does the nurse determine is the reason for this treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium for potassium in the intestines, reducing blood potassium levels. Symptoms like irregular pulse and weakness support this diagnosis.