ATI RN
ATI Nur 211 Med Surg Exam Unit 4 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A 1-month old infant is admitted to the emergency room with severe diarrhea. Which of the following assessments suggests the infant is severely dehydrated?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high specific gravity of urine typically indicates concentrated urine, which can occur in dehydration; however, moist mucous membranes suggest adequate hydration. This combination does not indicate severe dehydration. A low specific gravity of urine usually indicates dilute urine, which is not typical in dehydration; it suggests the kidneys are not concentrating urine due to good fluid intake or other factors. While pale skin can indicate poor perfusion, this option does not specifically indicate severe dehydration. A depressed fontanelle and a capillary refill time greater than 4 seconds are significant indicators of severe dehydration in infants. Depressed fontanelles suggest that the infant is not receiving enough fluids, and prolonged capillary refill time indicates poor perfusion and dehydration. Moist skin and mucous membranes indicate adequate hydration. Flushed skin may occur with certain conditions but does not suggest severe dehydration.
Question 2 of 5
When scheduling diagnostic tests, which of the following would the nurse schedule last?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: EGD requires fasting but can be scheduled flexibly. Barium enema requires bowel prep and is done earlier. Ultrasound is non-invasive with minimal prep. CT scans should be last as residual barium from other tests can interfere with imaging.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following responses should the nurse offer to a patient who asks why he's having a vagotomy to treat his ulcer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A vagotomy does not repair a perforation. It does not involve removing ulcerated tissue. It cuts the vagus nerve to decrease acid production, promoting ulcer healing. It is unrelated to preventing stomach sliding, which is addressed by fundoplication.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient prior to surgery for oral cancer. Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for the development of this disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spicy foods may cause irritation but are not linked to oral cancer. NSAIDs are not a direct risk factor. Cholecystitis is unrelated. HPV is a significant risk factor for oral cancers.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is performing the initial history and physical examination of a patient diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which type of pain does the nurse expect the patient to describe?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antacids typically relieve ulcer pain. Pain worse after eating is typical of gastric ulcers. Duodenal ulcer pain is relieved with eating due to acid buffering. Pain relief with sleep is not characteristic.