ATI RN
ATI Fundamental Exam Chapter 25 Candile Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse reviews the client's serum calcium level and notes that the level is 7.9 mg/dL. The nurse understands that which condition would cause this serum calcium level?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This is correct because prolonged bed rest can cause hypocalcemia, or low serum calcium level. Calcium is stored in the bones and is released into the blood when the bones are stressed by weight-bearing activities. When a person is on bed rest, the bones are not stimulated and the calcium remains in the bones, leading to a decrease in serum calcium level. This is incorrect because too much butter consumption does not affect the serum calcium level directly. Butter is a source of fat and calories, which can affect the cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but not the calcium level. However, too much butter consumption can cause obesity, which can increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. This is incorrect because hyperparathyroidism can cause hypercalcemia, or high serum calcium level. Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates the calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. PTH stimulates the release of calcium from the bones into the blood, leading to an increase in serum calcium level. This is incorrect because excessive ingestion of vitamin D can also cause hypercalcemia, or high serum calcium level. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps the body absorb calcium from the food and supplements. When a person takes too much vitamin D, the calcium absorption is increased and the serum calcium level rises.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a potassium deficiency. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of potassium?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: One slice of wheat bread is not the best source of potassium, as it contains only about 70 mg of potassium per serving. The recommended daily intake of potassium for adults is 4,700 mg. One wedge of cantaloupe is a good source of potassium, as it contains about 430 mg of potassium per serving. However, it is not the best source of potassium among the choices given. One banana is the best source of potassium among the choices given, as it contains about 420 mg of potassium per serving. Bananas are also rich in fiber, vitamin C, and antioxidants. One slice of cheddar cheese is not the best source of potassium, as it contains only about 28 mg of potassium per serving. Cheese is also high in sodium, fat, and calories, which can have negative effects on blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
Question 3 of 5
Which fluid output measurement is the most concerning for a nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 60 mL of urine in a 2-hour period is not very concerning for a nurse, as it is within the normal range of urine output. The average urine output for an adult is about 1 to 2 L per day, or 40 to 80 mL per hour. 720 mL of urine in a 24-hour period is slightly below the normal range, but not alarming. It may indicate mild dehydration or reduced fluid intake, but it is not a sign of fluid volume excess or kidney failure. 600 mL of urine in a 10-hour period is also within the normal range of urine output, and does not indicate any problem with fluid balance or renal function. 100 mL of urine in a 5-hour period is the most concerning for a nurse, as it indicates oliguria, or abnormally low urine output. Oliguria is defined as urine output less than 400 mL per day, or less than 20 mL per hour. It may be caused by acute or chronic kidney injury, urinary obstruction, shock, dehydration, or fluid volume excess. Oliguria can lead to fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, and uremia, and requires immediate medical attention.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with respiratory insufficiency. The arterial blood gas (ABG) results indicate a pH of 7.50 and a PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg and the nurse concludes that the client is experiencing respiratory alkalosis. Which additional laboratory value would the nurse expect to note in this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This is incorrect because sodium level of 145 mEq/L is within the normal range of 135 to 145 mEq/L. Sodium is not directly affected by respiratory alkalosis, but it may be altered by fluid balance or other conditions. This is incorrect because magnesium level of 1.3 mEq/L is within the normal range of 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L. Magnesium is not directly affected by respiratory alkalosis, but it may be altered by renal function or other conditions. This is incorrect because phosphorus level of 3.0 mg/dL is within the normal range of 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL. Phosphorus is not directly affected by respiratory alkalosis, but it may be altered by calcium balance or other conditions. This is correct because potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L is below the normal range of 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Potassium is inversely related to hydrogen ions, which are decreased in respiratory alkalosis. As hydrogen ions move out of the cells to buffer the blood, potassium ions move into the cells to maintain electrical neutrality. This causes hypokalemia, or low potassium level.
Question 5 of 5
The registered nurse reviews the result of the arterial blood gas values with the licensed practical nurse and tells the LPN that the client has respiratory acidosis. The LPN would expect to note which of the following on the laboratory result report?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is incorrect because this represents respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a low PCO2. This is incorrect because this represents a mixed disorder, not a pure respiratory acidosis. A mixed disorder occurs when both the pH and the PCO2 are abnormal, but in opposite directions. This is correct because this represents respiratory acidosis. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a high PCO2. This is incorrect because this represents normal values, not respiratory acidosis. Normal values for pH and PCO2 are 7.35 to 7.45 and 35 to 45 mmHg, respectively.