ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
While caring for a client, the nurse experiences a needle stick injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct first action for the nurse is to wash the site of injury with soap and water. This helps reduce the risk of infection. Completing an incident report (
B) should be done after immediate care. Requesting consent for HIV testing (
A) should not be the first step as the priority is managing the injury. Consenting to postexposure treatment (
D) can come later after assessing the risk.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoxemia for a late sign. Which finding should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bradycardia. In hypoxemia, the body compensates initially with tachycardia to increase oxygen delivery. However, as hypoxemia worsens and tissues become severely deprived of oxygen, the body's response shifts to bradycardia due to vagal stimulation. This is a late sign of severe hypoxemia. Hypertension (
A) would not be expected as hypoxemia often leads to hypotension. Tachycardia (
B) is an early sign of hypoxemia. Pallor (
C) may be present but is not a specific late sign of hypoxemia.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is educating a client with Type 2 diabetes on the importance of having regular eye examinations. The nurse should explain this is due to what complication from diabetes?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diabetes can cause retinopathy and may lead to blindness. The rationale is that uncontrolled high blood sugar levels in Type 2 diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the retina, leading to a condition called diabetic retinopathy. This can progress over time and potentially result in vision loss or blindness. Regular eye examinations are crucial for early detection and timely management of this complication.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as diabetes does not change eye color, primarily cause dry eyes, or necessitate glasses for everyone with diabetes.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with a healing Stage II pressure ulcer. The wound is clean and granulating. Which health care provider's order will the nurse question?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clean the wound with hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is not recommended for wound cleaning as it can be cytotoxic to healing tissues and delay wound healing. The rationale behind this is that hydrogen peroxide can damage healthy skin cells and impede the healing process. Instead, using a gentle wound cleanser or saline solution is preferred to maintain a moist environment for optimal healing. Consulting a dietitian (
A) may be helpful for optimal nutrition, applying a hydrogel dressing (
B) can promote a moist wound environment, and using a low-air-loss therapy unit (
D) can aid in wound healing by reducing pressure and promoting circulation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client about measures to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I will need to wipe my perineal area from back to front after urination." This statement indicates a need for further teaching because wiping from back to front can introduce bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, increasing the risk of UTIs. The correct way to wipe is from front to back. Additionally, wiping back to front can potentially lead to fecal contamination of the urethra, which can cause infections. It is important for the client to understand proper hygiene practices to prevent UTIs. The other choices (A, C,
D) are all correct statements that can help prevent UTIs by promoting hydration, emptying the bladder regularly, and consuming cranberry juice, which can help reduce the risk of UTIs.