ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Assessment Exam Midterm Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
While auscultating a client's 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces, close to the sternal body, the nurse would document these normal breath sounds as which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bronchovesicular sounds, medium-pitched and equal on inspiration and expiration, are normal in the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces near the sternum. Rhonchi and crackles indicate pathology, and tracheal sounds are heard over the trachea.
Question 2 of 5
A client reports experiencing chronic headaches after a recent upper respiratory tract infection. On physical examination, the nurse notes tenderness when palpating over the sinuses. Which condition is likely?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute bacterial sinusitis, often following a viral infection, causes sinus tenderness and headaches due to inflammation and mucus buildup. Rhinitis medicamentosa involves nasal congestion, epistaxis is nosebleeds, and allergic rhinitis causes sneezing and itching, not primarily sinus tenderness.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to auscultate the lung sounds of a young adult. Which sound will the nurse expect to hear over most of the client's lungs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vesicular breath sounds, soft and low-pitched, are normal over most lung fields, reflecting air movement in smaller airways. Tracheal and bronchial sounds are heard over the trachea and manubrium, and bronchovesicular near major bronchi.
Question 4 of 5
When asked to assess an area of broken skin on an older adult client in a long-term care facility, the nurse notes a break in the skin with erythema and a small amount of serosanguineous drainage over the sacrum. The area appears blister-like. The nurse would interpret this finding as indicating which stage of pressure ulcer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stage II pressure ulcers involve partial-thickness skin loss, presenting as a shallow ulcer or blister with a red-pink wound bed, matching the description of erythema, serosanguineous drainage, and a blister-like appearance. Stage I has intact skin with non-blanchable redness, Stage III extends to subcutaneous tissue with a crater-like appearance, and Stage IV involves full-thickness loss with exposed bone or muscle.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has asthma. Which of the following areas should the nurse evaluate as the most reliable indicator of central cyanosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oral mucosa, with high blood flow and thin skin, reliably shows central cyanosis, reflecting arterial hypoxemia. Ear lobes and soles are prone to peripheral cyanosis, and conjunctivae are less accurate due to environmental factors.