ATI RN
ATI NUR 180 Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following medications is considered an anti-infective medication used to treat infections?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class and is commonly used to treat various bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis, thereby killing or stopping the growth of bacteria. Albuterol (
A) is a bronchodilator used for asthma, Metformin (
C) is an antidiabetic medication, and Warfarin (
D) is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots. These medications do not have anti-infective properties and are used for different purposes.
Question 2 of 5
A client has a new prescription for fluticasone (Flonase). Which of the following is a therapeutic use for this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Fluticasone (Flonase) is a nasal corticosteroid used to reduce allergy symptoms like sneezing, nasal itching, and runny nose by decreasing inflammation in the nasal passages. It is not used for anaphylaxis (
A), insomnia (
B), or motion sickness (
C) as these conditions are not related to its mechanism of action. Fluticasone works locally in the nasal passages and is not intended for systemic allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. It does not affect sleep patterns or treat motion sickness.
Therefore, the therapeutic use of Flonase is specifically for managing allergic rhinitis symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing an in-service about nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to the unit. Which of the following medications is considered a first-generation NSAID?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aspirin. Aspirin is considered a first-generation NSAID because it inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, leading to anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Dimenhydrinate (choice
B) is an antihistamine used for motion sickness. Cetirizine (choice
C) is a second-generation antihistamine for allergies. Celecoxib (choice
D) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, making it a second-generation NSAID with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.
Question 4 of 5
A client in the intensive care unit has a presentation of pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and coma after overdosing on morphine sulfate (Astramorph). Which of the following is the appropriate complication based on the client's presentation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Opioid toxicity triad. Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and coma are classic signs of opioid toxicity. Pinpoint pupils result from the inhibition of the parasympathetic response, leading to miosis. Respiratory depression is a common side effect of opioid overdose due to the suppression of the respiratory center in the brainstem. Coma may occur as a severe consequence of central nervous system depression.
Therefore, the presentation of pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and coma align with the opioid toxicity triad.
Incorrect
Choices: B: Orthostatic hypotension is not typically associated with morphine overdose. C: Hypertension is not a common complication of morphine overdose. D: Abstinence syndrome occurs when a person dependent on opioids suddenly stops or reduces their use, not as a complication of acute overdose.
Question 5 of 5
Verify the client's identity and administer the medication as prescribed.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because checking the medication's expiration date is a crucial step in ensuring patient safety and efficacy. Expired medications may lose potency or become harmful.
Choice A is incorrect as it delays necessary treatment.
Choice B is incorrect as monitoring should come after verifying the medication.
Choice C is incorrect as it disrupts the administration process.