ATI RN
ATI RN Pediatrics Nursing 2023 Questions
Extract:
A nurse is assessing a school-age child who has heart failure and is taking furosemide.
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A decrease in peripheral edema. This indicates that the medication is effective in reducing fluid accumulation in the tissues, which can be a sign of improved heart function. Peripheral edema is often a symptom of heart failure or other cardiovascular conditions, so a decrease in edema suggests that the medication is helping to improve cardiac output and reduce fluid retention. Increased potassium levels (choice
A) may indicate a medication side effect or imbalance rather than effectiveness. Decrease in cardiac output (choice
C) and increase in venous pressure (choice
D) are not indicators of medication effectiveness but rather signs of worsening heart function.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a child who has varicella. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Initiate airborne precautions. Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is highly contagious and spreads through airborne droplets. By initiating airborne precautions, the nurse helps prevent the transmission of the virus to others. Providing a warm blanket (
A) may be comforting but does not directly address the contagious nature of varicella. Assessing for Koplik spots (
B) is related to measles, not varicella. Administering aspirin for fever (
D) is contraindicated in children with varicella due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the admission prescriptions for a 6-year-old child who has cystic fibrosis. For which of the following prescriptions should the nurse contact the child's provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perform airway clearance therapy prior to bronchodilator medications. For a child with cystic fibrosis, airway clearance therapy helps to clear mucus from the lungs, improving breathing. Performing this therapy before using bronchodilator medications ensures that the airways are cleared for optimal delivery of the bronchodilator. Contacting the provider is important to confirm the correct sequence of treatments and to avoid any potential adverse effects or interactions.
Incorrect choices:
A: Administering water-miscible vitamins A, D, E, and K is a standard treatment for cystic fibrosis and does not require immediate provider contact.
C: Encouraging intake of a high-calorie, high-protein diet is also a common recommendation for children with cystic fibrosis to support growth and weight gain.
D: Using the airway clearance therapy device every 2 hours while awake is a frequent regimen for managing cystic fibrosis and does not warrant
Extract:
Nurses' Notes: 0930: Parent presents child to provider's office. Parent reports the child has had a fever for 2 days and that the child has cried more than usual. Parent also reports the child has had a decreased appetite for the last 24 hr. Child febrile and lethargic. 0945: Notified provider of parent reports and child's fever. New prescriptions received. 1000: Urine sample obtained via sterile straight catheter. Medical History: 0930: Three urinary tract infections over the past year treated with antibiotics. Diagnosed at 6 months old with vesicoureteral reflux. Provider Prescriptions: 0945: Obtain urine sample for urinalysis and culture and sensitivity via sterile straight catheter. Vital Signs: 0930: Temperature 38.4° C (101.1 F), Heart rate 128/min, Respiratory rate 28/min. Diagnostic Results: 1030: Urinalysis: Appearance: cloudy and dark amber (clear), Specific gravity 1.035 (1.005 to 1.030), Leukocyte esterase: positive (negative), Nitrites: present (none), WBCS: 10 (0 to 4).
Question 4 of 5
The child is at risk for developing __ and __.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: The correct answer is A,B. Renal scarring and pyelonephritis are common complications of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. UTIs can lead to inflammation and infection of the kidneys (pyelonephritis) and if left untreated, can cause permanent damage to the kidneys resulting in renal scarring. Acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease are not typically associated with UTIs in children and are different conditions with distinct etiologies and presentations.
Therefore, choices C, D, and E are incorrect in this context.
Extract:
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a preschool-age child who is in the immediate postoperative period following a tonsillectomy. Which of the following assessment findings is the priority?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The child swallows frequently. This is the priority because frequent swallowing can indicate bleeding after a tonsillectomy, which is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention to prevent complications like airway obstruction and hemorrhage. Refusing clear liquids (
A) may be due to discomfort but is not as urgent. Crying often (
B) is common post-surgery and not necessarily indicative of a critical issue. Throat pain increasing (
D) is expected after a tonsillectomy and can be managed with pain medication.