Correct Answer: A,B,E

Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and E. Tetralogy of Fallot, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, and Coarctation of the Aorta typically require multiple surgeries to correct due to the complex nature of these conditions. Tetralogy of Fallot involves multiple structural defects in the heart that require staged surgeries. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome is a severe condition where the left side of the heart is underdeveloped, necessitating a series of surgeries to redirect blood flow. Coarctation of the Aorta is a narrowing of the aorta that often requires surgical intervention to repair.

Choices C and D, Atrial Septal Defect (AS
D) and Ventricular Septal Defect, can usually be corrected with a single surgery, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tell the mother to call 911. In this scenario, the infant is displaying symptoms of a severe allergic reaction to peanuts, such as vomiting, coughing, and flushing. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention. Calling 911 will ensure that the child receives prompt treatment and monitoring in a healthcare setting. Giving Benadryl (choice
A) may be appropriate, but the priority is to seek emergency medical care. Recommending symptomatic treatment for the cough (choice
B) is not sufficient in this critical situation. Administering CPR (choice
D) is not indicated unless the child stops breathing. The correct priority is to act swiftly by calling for emergency help.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardioversion. Cardioversion is not recommended for pediatric patients with SVT due to the potential risks associated with the procedure, such as ventricular arrhythmias. The preferred initial interventions for pediatric SVT include vagal maneuvers and administration of adenosine. Vagal maneuvers, like carotid sinus massage or Valsalva maneuver, can help restore normal sinus rhythm by increasing vagal tone. Adenosine is a first-line medication that works by transiently blocking AV nodal conduction, thereby interrupting the reentry circuit causing SVT. Continuing to monitor the patient for 30 minutes is also a reasonable approach to observe for spontaneous resolution or persistence of SVT. In summary, cardioversion is not recommended as an initial intervention in pediatric SVT due to its potential risks compared to safer and effective options like vagal maneuvers and adenosine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because pulling back the foreskin to clean it every week is inappropriate for a 2-month-old with phimosis. In infants, the foreskin is usually not retractable, and forcing it back can cause injury and complications.
Choice A is incorrect because phimosis is not a normal finding and can lead to issues.
Choice B is incorrect because the narrowing of the foreskin can lead to problems but not necessarily infections.
Choice D is incorrect because circumcision is not the first-line treatment for phimosis in infants.

Correct Answer: B,D,F

Rationale: The correct answers are B, D, and F. B is crucial to prevent urinary stasis. D is important to avoid irritation and promote proper hygiene. F helps in flushing out bacteria. A is incorrect as acidic beverages do not significantly affect urine pH. C is incorrect as synthetic materials can trap moisture. E is incorrect as urinating before and after intercourse helps prevent UTIs.