ATI RN
ATI RN Pediatrics Nursing 2023 Questions
Extract:
A nurse is assessing a preschool-age child who is in the immediate postoperative period following a tonsillectomy.
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following assessment findings is the priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because frequent swallowing could indicate airway obstruction, requiring immediate attention to prevent respiratory distress. Throat pain (
A) can be managed with pain relief. Refusing clear liquids (
C) can be addressed once airway is secured. Crying often (
D) may be due to discomfort but doesn't indicate immediate danger.
Extract:
A nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant during a well-baby visit.
Question 2 of 5
For which of the following findings should the nurse notify the provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Doll's eye reflex intact. This finding is abnormal in adults and may indicate brainstem dysfunction. The nurse should notify the provider immediately for further evaluation and intervention.
Choice B is incorrect because no head lag when pulled to a sitting position is a normal finding in infants.
Choice C is incorrect because the presence of tears when crying is a normal physiological response.
Choice D is incorrect because a positive Babinski reflex is normal in infants but abnormal in adults.
Extract:
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a parent of a child who has juvenile idiopathic arthritis and a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor your child for indications of infection. Prednisone is an immunosuppressant medication that can increase the risk of infections. Teaching the parent to monitor for signs of infection is crucial for early detection and prompt treatment.
Choice B is incorrect because abruptly discontinuing prednisone can lead to withdrawal symptoms and worsening of the condition.
Choice C is incorrect as prednisone can cause low potassium levels, so limiting potassium-rich foods is not recommended.
Choice D is incorrect as prednisone can actually slow down growth in children.
Extract:
Nurse's Notes: The infant presents with tachypnea, moderate retractions, and nasal flaring. Auscultation reveals crackles in all lung fields, with no nasal drainage. The infant has a dry cough that occurs periodically. The skin appears pale, the scalp is diaphoretic, and the lower extremities are cool to the touch. The infant is tachycardic with a regular rhythm, and no murmur is heard. Peripheral pulses are full and bounding in the upper extremities but weak in the bilateral pedal pulses. Mucous membranes are slightly dry and pink, with slightly decreased skin turgor. Capillary refill time is 3 seconds. Periorbital edema and non-pitting edema of the feet are noted. The anterior fontanel is soft and slightly depressed. The diaper remains dry. The abdomen is soft, full, and round, with active bowel sounds; Medical History: The infant was born at 38 weeks gestation via vaginal delivery with no complications. The infant has had no previous hospitalizations or surgeries. The infant has been exclusively breastfed and has no known allergies. The mother reports that the infant has been feeding poorly for the past two days and has had decreased urine output. There is no family history of congenital heart disease or respiratory conditions; Diagnostic Results: Chest X-ray: Mild left ventricular hypertrophy noted. Increased pulmonary vascular markings in all lobes; Complete Blood Count (CBC): White Blood Cells (WBC): 12,000/mm³ (4,500-11,000/mm³), Hemoglobin (Hgb): 11 g/dL (11-14 g/dL), Hematocrit (Hct): 33% (33-39%), Platelets: 250,000/mm³ (150,000-450,000/mm³); Electrolytes: Sodium (Na): 138 mEq/L (135-145 mEq/L), Potassium (K): 4.2 mEq/L (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), Chloride (Cl): 102 mEq/L (98-106 mEq/L), Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22 mEq/L (22-28 mEq/L); Vital Signs: Temperature: 37.7°C (99.9°F), Heart rate: 174/min while sleeping, Respiratory rate: 72/min while sleeping, Blood pressure in right upper extremity: 60/39 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation: 90%; Physical Examination Results: The infant is alert but irritable. The skin is pale with a diaphoretic scalp and cool lower extremities. The infant exhibits tachypnea with moderate retractions and nasal flaring. Crackles are heard in all lung fields upon auscultation. The heart rate is tachycardic with a regular rhythm, and no murmur is detected. Peripheral pulses are full and bounding in the upper extremities but weak in the bilateral pedal pulses. The mucous membranes are slightly dry and pink, with slightly decreased skin turgor. Capillary refill time is 3 seconds. Periorbital edema and non-pitting edema of the feet are noted. The anterior fontanel is soft and slightly depressed. The abdomen is soft, full, and round, with active bowel sounds; A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant in the pediatric unit.
Question 4 of 5
Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify: 1. What condition the client is most likely experiencing 2. Two actions the nurse should take to address that condition 3. Two parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.
Action to Take
Potential Condition
Parameter to Monitor
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Action to Take: A, E; Potential Condition: Congestive heart failure; Parameter to Monitor: Peripheral pulses, Respiratory status.
Rationale:
1. Congestive heart failure is a common condition characterized by fluid overload, leading to decreased perfusion and respiratory distress.
2. Actions to take include managing fluid intake, administering diuretics, and monitoring vital signs.
3. Parameters to monitor include peripheral pulses (indicative of perfusion) and respiratory status (to assess for signs of respiratory distress).
Extract:
A nurse is preparing to assess a 4-year-old child's visual acuity.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use a tumbling E chart for the assessment. This is the correct action because using a tumbling E chart is a common method to assess visual acuity in children. The chart consists of E shapes facing different directions, allowing the child to indicate the direction in which the E is pointing. This method is age-appropriate and engaging for children, making it easier to assess their visual acuity accurately.
Why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Testing the child without glasses before testing with glasses may not be necessary for all children and could lead to inaccurate results.
C: Positioning the child 4.6 meters (15 feet) from the chart is not a standard distance for visual acuity assessment in children.
D: Assessing both eyes together first, then each eye separately may not be the most effective approach for assessing visual acuity in children, as it may not provide accurate individual eye measurements.