ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following are common symptoms in individuals with multiple sclerosis? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Paresthesia, dysphagia, spasticity, and vertigo are hallmark neurological symptoms of multiple sclerosis due to nerve damage or disrupted nerve signals. Nausea and vomiting, while possible, are not primary symptoms and may relate to secondary factors like medications or infections.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following are risk factors for head injuries in older adults? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Decreased visual acuity contributes to falls due to poor depth perception and reduced peripheral vision. Polypharmacy increases fall risk through sedative or psychotropic medication effects. Weakness and frailty are age-related changes that heighten fall risk. Chronic hypertension can cause orthostatic hypotension or cerebrovascular issues like strokes, leading to falls. Motor vehicle crashes are less common in older adults, and previous military experience is not a common risk factor for fall-related head injuries.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is true regarding the physiology of an open pneumothorax?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In an open pneumothorax, air moves freely in and out of the thoracic cavity through the chest wound, often producing audible sounds like sucking or bubbling. Air is not trapped, and it does not fail to pass through the wound.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing discharge medications with a client who has Parkinson's disease. The nurse should include teaching about the client's anticholinergic agent. Which of the following side effects should the nurse advise the client to report?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anhidrosis, the inability to sweat normally, is a side effect of anticholinergic medications due to acetylcholine inhibition on sweat glands, posing a risk of hyperthermia. Drooling, tremors, and rigidity are Parkinson's symptoms, not typically caused by anticholinergics.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit who was admitted with severe head trauma and cerebral edema. The client opens their eyes spontaneously, is oriented, and obeys commands. Which of the following findings indicate the client is experiencing a decline in their condition? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: B,D,E,F
Rationale: Eyes opening to painful stimuli, confusion, mumbling inappropriate words, and failure to open eyes to name indicate decreased consciousness and worsening neurological status. Responding to name and stating the day of the week suggest intact consciousness and orientation.