ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Exam 2024 With NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following actions is the priority for the nurse to take after inadvertently administering 160 mg of valsartan PO to a client who was scheduled to receive 80 mg?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Evaluate the client for orthostatic hypotension. After administering double the prescribed dose of valsartan, the nurse's priority is to assess the client for potential adverse effects, such as a sudden drop in blood pressure leading to orthostatic hypotension. This is crucial for immediate intervention to prevent complications.
B: Monitoring urine output is important but not the priority after an overdose.
C: Obtaining laboratory results may be necessary later but is not the immediate action needed.
D: Checking for nasal congestion is unrelated to the overdose of valsartan.
In summary, choice A is correct as it addresses the immediate concern of potential adverse effects, while the other choices are not the priority given the situation.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that a client with myasthenia gravis taking neostigmine is experiencing an adverse effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Miosis. Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat myasthenia gravis by increasing acetylcholine levels. Miosis, or pinpoint pupils, is a common adverse effect of cholinergic stimulation. Tachycardia (
A) is not typically associated with neostigmine use and can be a sign of sympathetic overactivity. Oliguria (
B) is not a common adverse effect of neostigmine and can be indicative of kidney issues. Xerostomia (
C) is dry mouth and is more commonly seen with anticholinergic medications.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer to a client with myasthenia gravis who is in a cholinergic crisis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rationale: In a cholinergic crisis, the client experiences excessive muscarinic effects due to overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Atropine is a cholinergic antagonist that blocks the effects of excessive acetylcholine, alleviating symptoms such as bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, and excessive secretions. Potassium iodide, glucagon, and protamine are not indicated for managing cholinergic crisis. Potassium iodide is used in thyroid emergencies, glucagon for beta-blocker overdose, and protamine for heparin overdose.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following actions should the nurse take when observing infiltration of fluid into the tissue surrounding an IV insertion site?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elevate the extremity. Elevating the extremity helps reduce swelling and minimize tissue damage caused by the infiltration of fluid. By elevating the extremity, gravity helps to prevent further spread of the infiltrated fluid into the surrounding tissue. This action promotes better circulation and aids in the reabsorption of the fluid back into the vascular system. Flushing the IV catheter (choice
A) may exacerbate the infiltration, applying pressure to the IV site (choice
B) can cause tissue damage, and slowing the infusion rate (choice
D) may not address the immediate issue of fluid infiltration.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client 1 hr after administering morphine for pain. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as the best indication that the morphine has been effective?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The client rates pain as 3 on a scale from 0 to 10. This is the best indication that the morphine has been effective because pain relief is the primary goal of administering morphine. A pain rating of 3 indicates a decrease in pain intensity, showing that the medication is working.
A: The client's vital signs being within normal limits does not directly indicate the effectiveness of pain management.
B: The client not requesting additional medication could be due to various reasons other than effective pain relief.
C: The client resting comfortably with eyes closed may suggest relaxation but does not necessarily reflect pain relief.
In summary, the other choices do not directly measure pain relief, unlike the client's self-reported pain rating.