ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
What substance move freely in and out of a cell by diffusion?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hormones. Hormones are small molecules that can pass through the cell membrane via diffusion due to their small size and lipid-soluble nature. This allows them to move freely in and out of the cell to regulate cellular activities. Proteins (
A) are too large to diffuse through the membrane, enzymes (
B) are typically involved in catalyzing reactions inside the cell, and electrolytes (
D) are charged particles that require specific transport mechanisms. Thus, only hormones can freely diffuse across the cell membrane.
Question 2 of 5
A patient reports weakness of the extremities and diplopia. The nurse knows that these symptoms are characteristic of which condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myasthenia gravis (MG). Weakness of extremities and diplopia are classic symptoms of MG, an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder affecting communication between nerves and muscles. This leads to muscle weakness and fatigue, causing symptoms like weakness and double vision. MS (
B) typically presents with symptoms related to the central nervous system, such as numbness, tingling, and visual disturbances. CP (
C) is a non-progressive motor disability present from birth. PD (
D) primarily affects motor function, leading to tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is performing a medication history on a patient who reports taking lorazepam (Ativan) for the past 6 months to treat an anxiety disorder. The patient states that the medication is not working as well as previously. The nurse will
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: understand that the patient has developed tolerance to this drug.
Tolerance occurs when a medication becomes less effective over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. In this case, the patient reporting that lorazepam is not working as well suggests tolerance development. Contacting the provider to discuss changing medications (
B) or increasing the dose (
D) without considering tolerance would not address the underlying issue and could lead to potential risks. Suspecting worsening of the anxiety disorder (
A) is premature without ruling out tolerance. Other choices are not relevant to the situation.
Question 4 of 5
While walking down the street, a cat jumps out of an alley into the pathway of an adult. They note that his /her heart is 'racing.' this response is primarily due to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because when the cat jumps out causing a fight or flight response, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. This leads to the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla, which in turn increases heart rate. Option A is incorrect as it refers to motor neurons in the brain stem, not related to the heart rate response. Option B is incorrect as the ANS is not directly responsible for the heart rate increase in this scenario. Option C is incorrect as the parasympathetic nervous system would actually decrease heart rate, not increase it.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing teaching for the family of a patient who has been newly diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD). Which statement by the family member indicates understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Rationale:
Choice D is correct because Alzheimer's disease is indeed a chronic, progressive condition with no known cure. Understanding this aspect is crucial for the family to prepare for the long-term care needs of the patient.
Choice A is incorrect as Alzheimer's does affect personality in addition to memory.
Choice B is incorrect because there is no known treatment to arrest the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Choice C is incorrect as the onset of Alzheimer's can vary and is not limited to ages 65-75.