Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy. At this stage, typically around toddlerhood, children display behaviors such as temper tantrums and defiance as they assert their independence and test boundaries. This is known as the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt in Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
Choice A is incorrect as sexual curiosity typically emerges during the latency stage.
Choice B is incorrect as imaginary playmates are more common in preschool-aged children.
Choice D is incorrect as Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt occurs in the preschool years.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Using a faces pain scale is the most effective method for assessing pain in a 4-year-old child because at this age, children may not have developed the cognitive ability to accurately rate their pain using descriptive words or numerical scales. The faces pain scale provides a visual representation of pain intensity, allowing the child to point to the face that best represents their level of pain. This method is more engaging and easier for young children to understand and communicate their pain levels.

A: Asking the child to rate their pain using descriptive words may be challenging for a 4-year-old who may not have a full grasp of such concepts.
C: Relying solely on observing facial expressions and body movements may not provide a comprehensive assessment of pain as children may express pain differently.
D: Asking the child to rate their pain on a numerical scale may be too abstract for a 4-year-old and may not accurately reflect their pain experience.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tuna fish. Tuna fish is a good source of lean protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for heart health. Bananas, cucumbers, and skim milk are nutritious choices as well, but tuna fish offers a unique combination of protein and omega-3s. Additionally, tuna fish is a good option for individuals looking to increase their intake of fish, which is recommended for its health benefits.
Therefore, the nurse should recommend tuna fish as a well-rounded and beneficial food choice.

Correct Answer: B,C,E

Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B, C, E


Rationale:
B: Fitting the mattress snugly against the sides of the crib prevents gaps where an infant could get trapped.
C: Tying plastic bags in knots before discarding them reduces the risk of suffocation if a child were to play with them.
E: Serving food in small, non-circular pieces reduces the risk of choking as it is easier for infants to manage.

Summary:
A: Installing accordion style gates is not relevant to the safety of infants in this context.
D: Setting the water heater at 65.6°C (150°F) is not directly related to infant safety.
F, G: These options are not provided in the question stem for evaluation.

Correct Answer: B,C,D

Rationale: The correct actions by the nurse (B, C,
D) are appropriate for different reasons. Providing comfort measures (
B) helps the child feel safe and supported during a stressful experience. Accepting aggressive behavior (
C) within reason acknowledges the child's emotions and helps redirect them towards healthier outlets. Offering a brief, concrete explanation (
D) of the procedure helps reduce anxiety and increase understanding.


Choice A is incorrect because delaying the injection may increase the child's anxiety.

Choices E, F, and G are not provided in the question stem, so they cannot be evaluated.