ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Exam NURS 243 Spring 2014 Questions
Extract:
An infant admitted with dehydration.
Question 1 of 4
The nurse is reviewing the intake and output record from the previous 8-hour shift for an infant admitted with dehydration. The nurse also reviews the most recent lab results in the chart. Based on the information in the chart provided, the nurse determines which of the following to be correct regarding this patient during the 8-hour shift?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The infant's lab results indicated dehydration. The nurse is reviewing the intake and output record and lab results for an infant admitted with dehydration. Lab results are crucial in diagnosing dehydration, such as elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and abnormal electrolyte levels. The intake and output record alone may not provide a definitive indication of dehydration.
Choices A and B cannot be determined solely by reviewing the intake and output record.
Choice C is incorrect as lab results indicating dehydration would not be within normal limits.
Extract:
A 4-year-old hospitalized child.
Question 2 of 4
The nurse recognizes that a 4-year-old hospitalized child is exhibiting which characteristic of cognitive development, when the child tells the nurse it's sad to be at home alone?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Magical thinking. At the age of 4, children often engage in magical thinking, believing that their thoughts can influence reality. In this scenario, the child's belief that being alone at home caused sadness reflects magical thinking. Egocentrism (choice
A) refers to difficulty seeing things from others' perspectives, which is not evident in this situation. Centration (choice
C) is the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation, not applicable here. Reversibility (choice
D) involves understanding that actions can be reversed, which is not demonstrated in the child's statement.
Extract:
A 6-year-old admitted due to dehydration following a tonsillectomy 26 hours ago, with vital signs: Temperature: 100.9°F, Pulse: 150 bpm, Respiration: 28, Blood Pressure: 88/50, Pain: Throat 10.
Question 3 of 4
A nurse is providing care for a 6-year-old patient who was admitted due to dehydration following a tonsillectomy 26 hours ago. The patient's vital signs are as follows: Temperature: 100.9°F, Pulse: 150 bpm (apically), Respiration: 28, Blood Pressure: 88/50, Pain: Ears 0, Throat 10 using FACES pain scale, Weight: 40 lbs. Complete the following sentence by using the list of options as evidenced by: The patient is most at risk for:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dehydration. The patient's vital signs indicate tachycardia, hypotension, and fever, which are all signs of dehydration following a tonsillectomy. The increased heart rate (150 bpm) is the body's compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate circulation due to the decreased blood pressure (88/50) caused by dehydration. The elevated temperature (100.9°F) can be a result of the body trying to fight off the dehydration-induced stress. The weight of the patient (40 lbs) is also crucial in determining the extent of dehydration. In summary, the patient is at risk for dehydration due to the postoperative state and the vital signs pointing towards fluid loss.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as there is no evidence in the scenario to support infection, hemorrhage, or aspiration as immediate risks for this patient.
Extract:
A 7-year-old child with burns covering the entire head and both legs.
Question 4 of 4
The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child with burns covering the entire head and both legs. Using the provided chart, what is the calculated percentage of total body surface area involved?
Correct Answer: 69
Rationale: The correct answer is 69%.
To calculate total body surface area (TBS
A) involved in burns, we use the rule of nines chart. For a child, the head represents 18% of TBSA, each leg represents 14%, totaling 32%. Adding the head and legs, we get 50%. However, since the entire head and both legs are affected, we double the percentage to 100%.
Therefore, the calculated percentage of TBSA involved is 100% - 31% (the unaffected parts) = 69%. This percentage accounts for the areas with burns on the head and both legs. Other choices are incorrect as they do not consider the specific areas involved or miscalculate the TBSA.
Extract:
A school-aged child receiving benzathine penicillin G IM.
Question 5 of 4
A nurse is preparing to administer benzathine penicillin G IM to a school-aged child. Which angle will the nurse use for injection into the child's vastus lateralis muscle?
Correct Answer: 90
Rationale: The correct answer is 90 degrees. When administering an IM injection into the vastus lateralis muscle of a school-aged child, the nurse should use a 90-degree angle. This angle allows for proper penetration into the muscle tissue, ensuring effective absorption of the medication. Using a 90-degree angle also minimizes the risk of injecting the medication into subcutaneous tissue, which could lead to decreased absorption. Other angles, such as 45 degrees or 180 degrees, may not reach the muscle layer adequately, affecting the drug's efficacy.
Therefore, using a 90-degree angle is the most appropriate and efficient technique for administering benzathine penicillin G IM to a school-aged child in the vastus lateralis muscle.