ATI RN
ATI nurs 180 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer promethazine (Phenergan) to a client who presents with acute vomiting. What information in the client's past medical history would alert the nurse to hold the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Narrow-Angle Glaucoma. Promethazine can cause pupil dilation and increase intraocular pressure, which can worsen narrow-angle glaucoma and lead to a sudden increase in eye pressure, potentially causing vision loss.
Therefore, the nurse should hold the medication in a client with narrow-angle glaucoma to prevent exacerbating the condition.
Choice A: Diabetes Mellitus - This condition does not directly contraindicate the use of promethazine for acute vomiting.
Choice B: Chronic Kidney Disease - Although caution may be needed in this population due to potential renal impairment, it is not a specific contraindication to hold promethazine.
Choice C: Iron Deficiency Anemia - This condition is not a contraindication for using promethazine in a client with acute vomiting.
In summary, the nurse should hold promethazine in a client with narrow-angle glaucoma due to the potential adverse effects on intraocular pressure.
Question 2 of 5
A client is experiencing a cholinergic crisis after being administered pyridostigmine IV. The nurse should administer which of the following reversal agents?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atropine. Atropine is the antidote for cholinergic crisis as it competitively inhibits acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, counteracting the excessive cholinergic effects caused by pyridostigmine. Galantamine (
A) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and would worsen the symptoms. Physostigmine (
B) is used to treat anticholinergic toxicity, not cholinergic crisis. Flumazenil (
C) is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist and is used for benzodiazepine overdose, not cholinergic crisis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of sildenafil [Viagra] for erectile dysfunction. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: If my erection lasts longer than 6 hours, I should contact my provider. This statement indicates understanding because a prolonged erection, known as priapism, is a serious side effect of sildenafil that requires immediate medical attention to prevent tissue damage. It shows the patient is aware of the potential risks and knows when to seek help.
Choice A is incorrect because sildenafil doesn't cause erections without sexual stimulation.
Choice C is incorrect as using nitroglycerin with sildenafil can lead to a dangerous drop in blood pressure.
Choice D is incorrect because sildenafil should be taken about 30 minutes to 1 hour before sexual activity, not 5 minutes.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and a new prescription for rifampin (Rifadin). The nurse should instruct the client that they should expect which of the following clinical manifestations while taking this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Orange-colored secretions. Rifampin can cause orange discoloration of body fluids such as urine, sweat, saliva, and tears. This occurs due to the drug's interaction with body tissues. It is important for the nurse to educate the client about this side effect to prevent unnecessary concern. Stools may turn a harmless orange color, not black (
A). Rifampin does not cause staining of teeth (
C) or constipation (
D).
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with swelling to the distal phalanges, first big toe, and 10/10 pain. Which medication below would be administered for this client's acute gout?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: colchicine. Colchicine is used for acute gout attacks to reduce inflammation and pain by inhibiting the inflammatory response to urate crystals. It is effective for treating the symptoms of gout, such as swelling and pain in the joints. Allopurinol (
A) and febuxostat (
B) are used for long-term management of gout by reducing uric acid levels. Physostigmine (
D) is not indicated for gout and is used for other conditions like anticholinergic overdose.