Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Libel refers to written statements that are false and damaging to a person's reputation. In this scenario, since the nurses are speaking and not writing, libel is not applicable. Invasion of privacy pertains to disclosing private information about an individual without their consent. Discussing a client's medical condition in a public place such as the hospital cafeteria where others can overhear constitutes an invasion of privacy. The client’s right to confidentiality has been violated, which could lead to a formal complaint. Slander involves spoken statements that are false and damaging to a person's reputation. While the nurses are speaking, there is no indication that what they are saying is false, so slander is not the applicable concern in this situation. Defamation is a broad term that includes both libel and slander, which are false statements made to damage someone's reputation. As mentioned earlier, there is no indication that the statements made by the nurses are false; rather, the issue is the inappropriate sharing of private information.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Restricting visiting of the victims until the bodies are prepared is a procedural step that can be managed without immediate involvement. While it's important, it does not directly address the family's immediate emotional needs. Providing privacy for law enforcement to interview the family is necessary for the investigation, but it should not take precedence over addressing the family's immediate emotional distress. Offering a calm location for the family to cope and discuss their needs addresses the immediate emotional and psychological support that the family requires in the wake of a traumatic event. It provides them with a safe space to begin processing their grief and start the healing process. Calling the hospital chaplain is a valuable step for providing spiritual and emotional support, but the first priority is to offer a calm and safe environment for the family. The chaplain can then be called to assist in this supportive space.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the START triage system, the yellow category is designated for clients who are unable to walk, but their condition is stable and does not require immediate life-saving intervention. This client, though confused, is obeying commands, has a deformity to his lower leg with good peripheral pulses, and is unable to ambulate. These factors indicate that the client's injuries need attention but are not immediately life-threatening, making the yellow category appropriate. The black category is for clients who are deceased or have injuries so severe that they are not expected to survive even with immediate medical intervention. This client does not fall into this category as he is responsive and his condition is stable. The red category is assigned to clients who require immediate life-saving intervention. Although the client is unable to walk and has a deformity to his lower leg, he is stable, obeys commands, and has good peripheral pulses. Thus, he does not meet the criteria for the red category. The green category is used for clients who can walk and have minor injuries that do not require urgent medical attention. This client is unable to ambulate, indicating that his condition is more serious than those in the green category.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: While giving a report to the oncoming shift at the client's bedside might potentially expose confidential information, it is generally an accepted practice in many healthcare settings as long as privacy is maintained and the patient consents. Shredding a client's printed laboratory results is actually a good practice to ensure that confidential information is disposed of securely, preventing unauthorized access. Posting any information about a client on social media, even if it is positive, is a direct breach of client confidentiality. This action exposes the client's personal health information to a wide audience, violating privacy regulations such as HIPAA. Logging off the computer before leaving the workstation is a good practice to protect client information from unauthorized access and does not represent a breach of confidentiality.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Fidelity refers to the ethical principle of keeping promises and maintaining trust. In nursing, this principle involves being loyal to the client and upholding commitments made to them. While important, fidelity does not directly address the nurse's concern about the potential harm caused by administering the opioid medication. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of 'do no harm.' This principle is directly applicable in this scenario, as the nurse's concern is about potentially hastening the client's death by administering the opioid medication. By choosing not to administer the medication, the nurse is acting to avoid causing harm, aligning with the principle of nonmaleficence. Veracity is the principle of truthfulness and honesty. It involves providing accurate information to clients and being truthful in communication. Although important in healthcare, veracity does not specifically address the nurse's concern about the potential harm of administering the opioid medication. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that focuses on the consequences of actions and aims to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people. While utilitarianism can guide decision-making in healthcare, it is not the most relevant principle in this scenario where the primary concern is avoiding harm to the individual client.