ATI RN
RN ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is educating parents of a sickle cell patient regarding infection prevention. Which statement best indicates the parent understands the child's risk for infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Children with sickle cell disease are at risk for infection due to impaired splenic function. This is because the spleen plays a crucial role in fighting infections, and individuals with sickle cell disease often have impaired splenic function, making them more susceptible to infections.
Explanation for other choices:
A: If the child has a fever, they need to stay home from school - While it is important for sickle cell patients to avoid exposure to infections, staying home from school only when the child has a fever does not address the overall risk of infection in these patients.
B: Antibiotics should be administered sparingly to prevent resistant infections in this population - While antibiotic resistance is a concern, the statement does not specifically address the child's risk for infection due to impaired splenic function.
D: If the child is showing signs of crisis, a cup of hot tea can prevent the red blood cells from clumping rapidly - This statement is incorrect as hot tea does not prevent
Question 2 of 5
A 7-year-old obese child was diagnosed at his 6-year primary care visit with idiopathic hypertension. The family was instructed to modify his diet and begin an exercise program to control the hypertension. At this visit, it was decided the child should begin a low dose of Lisinopril (Zestril) at 0.07 mg/kg/day. The child weighs 99 pounds. What is the correct dose for this child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct dose for this child is 3 mg/day.
To calculate the dose, we first need to convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms by dividing by 2.2 (99 lbs / 2.2 = 45 kg). Next, we multiply the weight in kg by the prescribed dosage of 0.07 mg/kg/day (45 kg x 0.07 mg/kg/day = 3.15 mg/day). Since the dosing is typically rounded down for safety reasons, the correct dose is 3 mg/day.
Choice A (70 mg/day) is incorrect because it is too high for a child of this weight and could lead to adverse effects.
Choice B (30 mg/day) is also too high.
Choice C (6 mg/day) is incorrect as it does not reflect the calculated dosage based on the weight of the child.
Therefore, the correct answer is D (3 mg/day) based on the calculated dosage per kg for this specific child.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is a serious complication of acute rheumatic fever?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiac valve damage. Acute rheumatic fever can lead to inflammation of the heart valves, causing damage and leading to conditions like mitral stenosis or regurgitation. This occurs due to an autoimmune response triggered by a previous streptococcal infection.
Choice A, seizures, is not typically associated with acute rheumatic fever.
Choice B, coronary aneurysms, is more commonly linked to conditions like Kawasaki disease.
Choice C, pulmonary hypertension, is not a typical complication of acute rheumatic fever. Thus, the correct answer is D, as it aligns with the known pathophysiology of the disease.
Question 4 of 5
The expected finding of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) include:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone. In SIADH, there is an excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. This results in low urine output as the body retains water. Increased levels of ADH cause the kidneys to reabsorb more water, further contributing to low urine output. The other choices are incorrect because in SIADH, urine output is typically low, and ADH levels are elevated due to the dysregulation of the feedback mechanism that controls ADH release. Increased urine output and decreased levels of ADH (choice
C) would be more indicative of diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by decreased ADH production or kidney insensitivity to ADH.
Question 5 of 5
A child admitted with extensive burns. The nurse notes that there are burns on the child's lips and singed nasal hairs. The nurse should suspect that the child has a(n):
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhalation injury. The presence of burns on the lips and singed nasal hairs indicate that the child has likely inhaled hot gases or smoke, which can cause damage to the respiratory tract. This is a common finding in cases of inhalation injury resulting from exposure to fire or smoke. Inhalation injury can lead to airway compromise, respiratory distress, and other serious complications. The other choices (A: Chemical burn, C: Electrical burn, D: Hot-water scald) do not specifically indicate damage to the respiratory tract, making them less likely in this scenario.