ATI RN
ATI Nur27500 Pathopharm Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who appears anxious and fearful. The client has recently been seen for a urinary tract infection and reports their urine has turned an orange-red color. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: D
Rationale: Phenazopyridine is a commonly used over-the-counter medication for urinary tract infections. One of its common side effects is turning urine orange-red in color.
Therefore, it is important for the nurse to educate the client about this known side effect. This response reassures the client that their symptoms are likely due to the medication and not a more serious issue. It also empowers the client to understand the cause of the color change in their urine and reduces their anxiety.
Summary of Other
Choices:
A: This response is incorrect as it is alarmist and not based on evidence or the client's symptoms. There is no indication in the scenario that the client's liver is failing.
B: This response is incorrect as it does not address the specific situation of the client's urinary tract infection and the color change in urine.
C: This response is incorrect as it assumes the worst-case scenario without considering other potential causes for the color change in urine.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who has acute toxicity from acetaminophen overdose. The nurse should prepare to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acetylcysteine. Acetaminophen overdose can lead to liver damage, and acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It works by replenishing depleted glutathione stores in the liver, helping to prevent liver damage. Vitamin K (
A) is used for reversing the effects of warfarin, flumazenil (
B) is used for benzodiazepine overdose, and atropine (
D) is used for symptomatic bradycardia or organophosphate poisoning. Acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for acetaminophen toxicity due to its mechanism of action in preventing liver damage.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer clindamycin 300 mg by intermittent IV bolus over 30 min to a client who has a staphylococci infection. Available is clindamycin 300mg premixed in 50 mL 0.90% sodium chloride (NaCl). The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 100 mL/hr.
To calculate the IV pump rate, first determine the total volume to be infused over 30 minutes, which is 50 mL.
Then, convert 30 minutes to hours (30 min/60 min = 0.5 hours). Next, divide the total volume by the time in hours (50 mL / 0.5 hours = 100 mL/hr). This rate ensures the clindamycin 300 mg is administered correctly over 30 minutes.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: 50 mL/hr - Incorrect as it does not take into account the total volume to be infused.
B: 75 mL/hr - Incorrect as it does not consider the duration of the infusion.
D: 125 mL/hr - Incorrect as it would infuse the medication too quickly.
E, F, G: Not applicable as they were not provided.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing kidney failure. The nurse recognizes that kidney failure causes the loss of which of the following processes integral to maintaining homeostasis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Filtration of the blood. Kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood to maintain electrolyte balance and regulate blood pressure. Kidney failure impairs this filtration process, leading to a buildup of toxins in the blood. The loss of filtration function disrupts homeostasis by affecting fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and waste removal.
Choices A, C, and D are not directly related to kidney function and do not address the primary role of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has been started on medication for BPH. Prior to administering this medication the patient's nurse ensures which of the following has been done?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (The patient has had a prostate examination, including measurement of the PSA level). This is important before starting medication for BPH to rule out other prostate conditions and determine the baseline PSA level.
Choice A (The patient is hypertensive) is irrelevant to starting BPH medication.
Choice C (The patient is still sexually active) and D (The patient has not had a vasectomy) are not necessary prior to starting BPH medication.