Correct Answer: A,E

Rationale: Renal impairment affects drug excretion and liver failure alters metabolism both significantly impacting pharmacokinetics by changing drug clearance and activation. Muscle sprains hearing impairment and localized vaginal infections have minimal systemic effects on drug processing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The lower conjunctival sac is the appropriate site for eyedrops as it allows the medication to pool and be absorbed effectively while minimizing corneal irritation or systemic absorption. Dropping onto the sclera (outer or inner canthus) is less effective and may cause discomfort and the cornea is sensitive and prone to injury if directly targeted.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Checking blood pressure assesses the client’s response to the overdose (e.g. hypotension) prioritizing safety and guiding further actions. Notifying the physician or manager and filing a report are important but follow after ensuring client stability.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Removing the nitroglycerin patch prevents overdose as both patch and IV infusion deliver the drug systemically risking excessive vasodilation and hypotension. Skin irritation is a side effect interactions are not primary and patch loss is irrelevant when switching routes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Inhaling slowly to raise the ball and holding it promotes lung expansion and prevents atelectasis which is the correct incentive spirometer technique to improve ventilation and prevent postoperative complications. Exhaling or rapid forceful inspiration does not achieve sustained lung expansion and blowing into the device is incorrect as it is designed for inhalation.