ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is administering intravenous vancomycin to a client who has had gastrointestinal surgery. Which nursing measures are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: The correct answers are B, C, D, and E.
B: Administering the drug over at least 60 minutes helps prevent rapid infusion-related adverse effects.
C: Reporting a trough drug level of 24 mcg/mL is crucial to prevent toxicity and holding the drug is appropriate.
D: Monitoring serum creatinine levels is essential to assess renal function and prevent nephrotoxicity.
E: Instructing the client to report dizziness or a feeling of fullness in the ears is important as these can be signs of ototoxicity.
A: Restricting fluids is incorrect as adequate hydration is necessary to prevent kidney damage.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is evaluating the laboratory results of a client who has received chemotherapy. The loss of which blood cell leads to lack of energy, fatigue, intolerance of activity and hypoxemia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues. Chemotherapy can lead to decreased red blood cell production causing anemia. Anemia leads to lack of energy, fatigue, intolerance of activity, and hypoxemia. White blood cells (
A) are involved in immune response. Albumin (
B) is a protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure. Platelets (
D) are responsible for clotting, not oxygen transport.
Question 3 of 5
A client who has been taking cimetidine for hyperacidity calls the clinic to say that the medication has not been effective. The nurse reviews his history and notes that which factor may be influencing the effectiveness of this drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because smoking cigarettes can decrease the effectiveness of cimetidine by increasing the metabolism of the drug in the liver. This leads to lower levels of cimetidine in the bloodstream, reducing its therapeutic effect. Taking cimetidine with meals (choice
A) may actually enhance its absorption, while taking an antacid 3 hours after the dose (choice
B) should not interfere with its effectiveness. Drinking water with each dose (choice
C) is also unlikely to affect the drug's efficacy. Thus, the incorrect choices can be ruled out based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics principles.
Question 4 of 5
A client who has received chemotherapy has a critically low platelet count. The nurse expects which drug or drug class to be used to stimulate platelet cell production?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oprelvekin. Oprelvekin is a thrombopoietic growth factor that stimulates platelet cell production. It is used to increase platelet count in patients with critically low levels due to chemotherapy. Epoetin alfa (
A) is used to stimulate red blood cell production, not platelets. Filgrastim (
C) is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used to stimulate white blood cell production. Interferons (
D) are used for antiviral and antitumor effects, not platelet production.
Question 5 of 5
A client had abdominal surgery this morning. The client is groggy but complaining of severe pain around the incision. What is the most important assessment data to consider before the nurse administers a dose of morphine sulfate to the client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The client's respiratory rate. Before administering morphine sulfate, it is crucial to assess the client's respiratory rate because opioids like morphine can cause respiratory depression. Monitoring the respiratory rate helps in identifying any potential adverse effects and ensuring the client is breathing adequately.
Choice B (The appearance of the incision) is important for wound healing but not as critical as assessing the respiratory status before administering a potent pain medication like morphine.
Choice C (The date of the client's last bowel movement) is relevant for assessing bowel function but is not directly related to the immediate safety concern of respiratory depression with morphine.
Choice D (The client's pulse rate) is also important, but respiratory rate takes precedence as it directly correlates with the potential adverse effect of opioid-induced respiratory depression.