ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Quiz Questions
Extract:
The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (VSD) who is scheduled for a surgical repair tomorrow morning. When the nurse auscultates the child's lungs sounds, the nurse notes diffuse crackles and rales throughout the lung fields.
Question 1 of 5
The nurse interprets this assessment as which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pulmonary congestion. The nurse likely identified signs of fluid accumulation in the lungs, such as crackles and increased respiratory rate. This suggests pulmonary congestion, a condition where excess fluid builds up in the lungs. Foreign body aspiration (
A) would present with acute respiratory distress. Systemic congestion (
B) involves fluid buildup in the body, not just the lungs. Pneumonia (
C) would typically show signs of infection like fever and productive cough. The correct interpretation is based on the specific signs observed, pointing towards pulmonary congestion as the most likely diagnosis.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,D,E,F
Rationale: The correct answer includes right ventricular hypertrophy (
A), ventricular septal defect (
D), pulmonary stenosis (E), and overriding aorta (F). In Tetralogy of Fallot, these defects are typically present. Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs due to increased workload from pulmonary stenosis. Ventricular septal defect leads to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Pulmonary stenosis causes obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. Overriding aorta results in the aorta being positioned directly above the VSD. Left ventricular hypertrophy (
B) and patent ductus arteriosus (
C) are not typically part of TOF.
Extract:
The nurse is reinforcing education to the parents of a toddler diagnosed with bronchiolitis.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse informs the parents that which of the following is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children. RSV causes inflammation and swelling of the small airways in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. It is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets. Haemophilus influenzae type B, Adenovirus, and Rhinovirus can also cause respiratory infections but are not as commonly associated with bronchiolitis as RSV. Haemophilus influenzae type B is more commonly linked to pneumonia and meningitis in children. Adenovirus typically causes respiratory infections like the common cold, while Rhinovirus is a common cause of the common cold but less frequently causes bronchiolitis.
Extract:
A 4-year-old child is diagnosed with otitis media.
Question 4 of 5
The parent asks the nurse about the causes of this illness. Which risk factors would the nurse include in response to this parent? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: The correct risk factors for the illness are A, C, D, E, and F.
A: Household smoking is a known risk factor for many illnesses due to exposure to secondhand smoke.
C: Exposure to illness in daycare centers or schools increases the risk of contracting infections.
D: Native American ethnicity may be associated with a higher prevalence of certain illnesses.
E: Absence of breastfeeding can reduce the infant's immunity and increase susceptibility to illnesses.
F: Craniofacial anomalies may predispose individuals to certain illnesses due to anatomical variations.
These factors have been identified through research and clinical experience as contributing to the development of the illness.
Extract:
The nurse is providing asthma education to a teen that has just been diagnosed with asthma.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following statements by the client would indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: Statement C indicates a need for further teaching because sleeping with a dog can trigger asthma attacks due to pet dander. This shows a lack of understanding about asthma triggers. Statement E is also incorrect because calling 911 should be a priority during a severe asthma attack. Statements A, B, and D demonstrate good understanding of asthma management by recognizing symptoms, triggers, and preventive measures.