Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron). Tranexamic acid is a hemostatic drug that works by preventing the breakdown of blood clots, thereby helping to control postoperative bleeding. This medication is commonly used in surgical settings to reduce blood loss.

A: Trombin (Evithrom) is a thrombin-based medication used to promote clot formation, but it is not typically used to control postoperative bleeding.

B: Aminocaproic acid (Amicar) is another hemostatic agent that works by inhibiting the breakdown of blood clots. However, Tranexamic acid is more commonly used in postoperative bleeding situations.

C: Aspirin is an antiplatelet medication that inhibits platelet aggregation and is not typically used to control postoperative bleeding.

In summary, Tranexamic acid is the most appropriate choice for controlling postoperative bleeding due to its mechanism of action in preventing blood clot breakdown, making it more

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypertension. Epoetin alfa is a medication used to treat anemia by stimulating red blood cell production. It can lead to increased blood pressure as a side effect due to the rapid rise in red blood cell count. This can put a strain on the cardiovascular system, leading to hypertension. Nausea and vomiting (
A), orthostatic hypotension (
B), and dizziness (
D) are not typically associated with epoetin alfa use.
Therefore, they are incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E

Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, C, D, and E. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that helps prevent blood clots. A: Alteplase is a thrombolytic medication that increases the risk of bleeding when used with clopidogrel. B: Diltiazem may enhance the effects of clopidogrel, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. C: Ibuprofen can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when combined with clopidogrel. D: Aspirin is another antiplatelet agent that can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with clopidogrel. E: Coumadin is an anticoagulant that can also increase the risk of bleeding when combined with clopidogrel.
Therefore, these medications should not be used concurrently without consulting the doctor to prevent excessive bleeding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bruising and epistaxis. Alteplase is a thrombolytic drug that works by breaking down blood clots. Bruising and epistaxis (nosebleeds) are common adverse effects due to the drug's action of promoting bleeding. This occurs as the drug dissolves clots, which can lead to increased bleeding tendencies. Monitoring for these adverse effects is crucial to ensure patient safety.
A: Elevated temperature is not a common adverse effect of alteplase.
B: Skin rash with urticaria is not a common adverse effect of alteplase.
C: Wheezing with labored breathing is not a common adverse effect of alteplase.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: LMWHs produce a more stable effect on coagulation; thus, fewer lab tests are needed. This is because LMWHs have more predictable pharmacokinetics, resulting in a more consistent anticoagulant effect compared to heparin. This stability allows for fixed dosing without the need for frequent monitoring through lab tests, which is required with heparin due to its variable response.
Choice B is incorrect as LMWHs are not given orally but are administered via subcutaneous injection due to their large molecular size.
Choice C is incorrect because LMWHs have a longer duration of action compared to heparin, making them suitable for once or twice-daily dosing.
Choice D is incorrect as heparin actually possesses greater anticoagulant activity than LMWHs.