ATI RN
ATI Capstone Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The emergency service team brings a homeless client found lying in an alley to the emergency department. An assessment is performed, and the client is suspected of having frostbite of the hands. Which finding would the nurse expect to note in this condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A white appearance to the skin that is insensitive to touch. Frostbite initially presents with a white or pale appearance due to vasoconstriction, followed by numbness or insensitivity to touch. This occurs as a result of decreased blood flow to the affected area. As frostbite progresses, the skin may turn blue or purplish due to tissue damage. Red skin with edema in the nail beds (
Choice
A) is more indicative of inflammation or infection rather than frostbite. Black fingertips surrounded by an erythematous rash (
Choice
B) may suggest gangrene, a severe complication of untreated frostbite. A pink edematous hand (
Choice
D) is not characteristic of frostbite, as it typically presents with a white or bluish discoloration.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who reports frequent vomiting and diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: The correct answers are B: Hypotension and C: Poor skin turgor. In a client with frequent vomiting and diarrhea, fluid loss leads to dehydration, causing hypotension and poor skin turgor. Hypotension results from decreased circulating blood volume due to fluid loss. Poor skin turgor occurs due to decreased skin elasticity from dehydration.
Choices A, D, and E are incorrect. Fat neck veins are not typical findings in dehydration. Bradycardia is not expected in dehydration; tachycardia is more common due to compensatory mechanisms to maintain cardiac output. Pale yellow urine is indicative of concentrated urine, not a typical finding in dehydration.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is instructing a client who has GERD about positions that can help minimize the effects of reflux during sleep. Which of the following statements indicates to the nurse that the client understands the instructions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will lie on my left side to sleep at night." This position helps prevent acid from flowing back into the esophagus due to the anatomical positioning of the stomach and esophagus. When lying on the left side, the stomach is positioned below the esophagus, reducing the likelihood of reflux.
Incorrect choices:
B: Lying on the right side can worsen reflux symptoms as it allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus more easily.
C: Sleeping on the back with the head flat may not be as effective in preventing reflux compared to the left side position.
D: Sleeping on the stomach with the head flat can exacerbate reflux symptoms by putting pressure on the stomach and pushing acid back up into the esophagus.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who had a femoral head fracture 24 hr ago and is in skin traction. The client reports shortness of breath and dyspnea. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following complications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fat embolism. Fat embolism can occur in clients with long bone fractures, like a femoral head fracture. Fat emboli can travel to the lungs leading to respiratory distress, shortness of breath, and dyspnea. This is a potential complication that can occur within the first 24-48 hours post-injury. Fat embolism is characterized by respiratory symptoms and can lead to hypoxia and respiratory failure.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Airway obstruction typically presents with choking or difficulty swallowing, not specifically with shortness of breath and dyspnea.
B: Pneumonia would typically present with fever, productive cough, and chest pain, not sudden-onset shortness of breath.
C: Pneumothorax presents with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath due to air in the pleural space, not directly related to a femoral head fracture.
Overall, the key to this question is
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is talking with a client who has cholelithiasis and is about to undergo an oral cholangiogram. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse understanding of the procedure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the client's statement indicates an understanding of the procedure. Oral cholangiogram involves injecting dye to visualize the gallbladder and ducts.
Choice A is incorrect as shock waves are used in lithotripsy, not oral cholangiogram.
Choice B is incorrect as the procedure involves dye, not a camera down the throat.
Choice D is incorrect as medication is not used in this procedure.