ATI RN
ATI Nur 175 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The emergency department nurse administers a prescribed narcotic for a client with renal colic and then discharges the client without ensuring the client has a designated driver. The client is subsequently involved in a motor vehicle collision on their way home, causing injury to self and others. Which ethical principle did the nurse violate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Veracity is the principle of truthfulness and honesty. It involves providing accurate information to clients and being truthful in communication. While important in healthcare, veracity does not specifically address the nurse's failure to ensure the client's safety after administering a narcotic. Autonomy refers to respecting the client's right to make their own decisions about their care. While autonomy is a fundamental ethical principle, the scenario involves the nurse's responsibility to ensure safety, which falls under a different principle. Beneficence is the principle of acting in the best interest of the client by promoting good and preventing harm. Although related to the scenario, beneficence focuses more on the proactive aspect of providing care rather than preventing harm resulting from inaction. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle of 'do no harm.' The nurse violated this principle by discharging the client without ensuring they had a designated driver, leading to a motor vehicle collision and injuries. The nurse's action indirectly caused harm, violating the principle of nonmaleficence.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of acute emphysema. The client is receiving oxygen at a flow rate of 5 L/min by nasal cannula. Which assessment findings should be reported to the provider immediately?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This posture, known as the tripod position, is common among clients with emphysema as it helps them breathe more easily by using accessory muscles. While it indicates respiratory distress, it is not immediately life-threatening. A respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min is significantly below the normal range (12-20 breaths/min) and indicates hypoventilation, which can lead to life-threatening conditions such as hypercapnia (elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood). This finding needs immediate attention from the provider. A barrel chest is a common physical finding in clients with chronic emphysema. It develops over time due to hyperinflation of the lungs but is not an urgent finding that needs immediate reporting. Fine bibasilar crackles can indicate fluid accumulation in the lungs or other lung pathology, but this finding alone does not necessarily require immediate intervention unless accompanied by other critical symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a group of clients. After making initial rounds, which client is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This client, although admitted with a bowel obstruction, is currently demonstrating a steady gait while ambulating, suggesting that they are stable at the moment. This client is the priority because they have just received morphine, which requires close monitoring for potential adverse effects, such as respiratory depression. Morphine is a potent opioid, and its administration necessitates vigilant observation to ensure the client's safety. While the client with an infected wound and an elevated white blood cell count and temperature requires attention for infection management, the immediate risk of adverse effects from morphine administration takes precedence. This client, scheduled to begin physical therapy, is stable enough to participate in planned rehabilitation activities, making them a lower priority compared to the client who has just received a potent opioid.
Question 4 of 5
What is a common side effect of antipsychotics?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antipsychotics often cause dry mouth due to anticholinergic effects.
Question 5 of 5
Which client is at the highest risk for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Older, single women are at higher risk due to isolation and health issues.