ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The client is admitted to the nurse's unit with a diagnosis of heart failure. His heart is not pumping effectively,which is resulting in edema and coarse crackles in his lungs. The term for this condition is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively leading to a buildup of fluid in the body. This can result in edema (swelling) and fluid accumulation in the lungs causing coarse crackles when breathing. The term for this condition is fluid volume excess which refers to an excessive amount of fluid in the body. Myocardial infarction is a heart attack atelectasis is a collapse of lung tissue and fluid volume deficit refers to a lack of fluid in the body.
Question 2 of 5
A client has accepted the fact that they need bypass surgery for a blocked artery and has been admitted to the hospital. Which one of the following stages of illness is this client experiencing?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client is experiencing Stage 2 of illness known as the assumption of the sick role. In this stage the client acknowledges the illness accepts the need for medical intervention (such as bypass surgery) and seeks care by being admitted to the hospital. Stage 1 involves symptom experience Stage 3 is medical care contact (consulting professionals) Stage 4 is the dependent patient role (undergoing treatment) and Stage 5 is recovery. The client’s acceptance and hospital admission align with Stage 2 as they have recognized the illness and are taking action to address it.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for an elective surgical procedure. In order to ensure informed consent,the nurse should take which of the following actions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should witness the client’s signature on the consent form to ensure informed consent verifying that the client is signing voluntarily and understands the procedure risks benefits and alternatives. This is the nurse’s primary role in the informed consent process. Explaining the procedure (
A) and risks and benefits (
D) are the physician’s responsibilities and obtaining consent (
B) is not within the nurse’s scope.
Question 4 of 5
A client is hospitalized with numerous acute health problems. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs model,which nursing diagnosis should the nurse identify as being the highest priority for this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs physiological needs such as food water and shelter are the most basic and must be met before higher-level needs. The nursing diagnosis of Altered Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements related to the inability to absorb nutrients addresses a fundamental physiological need and is the highest priority. Other diagnoses address safety and psychological needs which are secondary to physiological needs.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is marked rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations from very deep to very shallow breathing and temporary apnoea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cheyne-Stokes respiration is an abnormal breathing pattern characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in temporary apnea. This cyclic pattern repeating every 30 seconds to 2 minutes is marked by rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations. Orthopnoea (
A) is difficulty breathing when lying flat Biot’s respiration (
C) involves irregular bursts of breathing and dyspnoea (
D) is shortness of breath none of which match the described pattern.