ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Exam 4 Questions
Extract:
A child with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Question 1 of 5
Surgical repair for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is done to prevent the complication of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased pulmonary vascular congestion. Surgical repair of PDA is done to prevent the complication of increased pulmonary vascular congestion. This is because in a PDA, there is a persistent connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, leading to increased blood flow to the lungs, causing congestion. By closing the PDA surgically, the excess blood flow to the lungs is reduced, preventing pulmonary vascular congestion.
Choice B is incorrect because repairing a PDA does not necessarily decrease the workload on the left side of the heart.
Choice C is incorrect as pulmonary infection is not a direct complication of PDA.
Choice D is incorrect as a right-to-left shunt of blood is not a typical complication of PDA.
Extract:
A school-age child in acute renal failure or reduced glomerular filtration rate
Question 2 of 5
The nurses admitting a school-age child in acute renal failure or reduced glomerular filtration rate. Which urine test is the most useful clinical indication of glomerular filtration rate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Creatinine. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and filtered by the kidneys. In cases of reduced glomerular filtration rate, creatinine levels in the urine will be elevated as the kidneys struggle to excrete it. This makes creatinine a valuable indicator of renal function. Protein level (
A) is more indicative of kidney damage, while osmolality (
C) reflects the concentration of solutes in urine. pH (
D) is a measure of urine acidity and not a direct indicator of glomerular filtration rate.
Extract:
A patient is to receive a 1000 mL 0.9% NS bag at 20 mL/hr for 24 hours.
Question 3 of 5
A 1000 mL 0.9% NS bag is to be administered to a patient at 20 mL/hr. The patient is to receive this solution for hours. How many mL will the patient receive? (Round to the nearest whole number)
Correct Answer: 480 mL
Rationale:
To determine the total volume the patient will receive, we calculate the infusion rate (20 mL/hr) multiplied by the duration of infusion (24 hours). 20 mL/hr x 24 hours = 480 mL. This is the correct answer.
Choice A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are all incorrect as they do not yield the correct calculation for the total volume the patient will receive.
Extract:
A child has lost 8 pounds after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse notes that a child has lost 8 pounds after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is most likely the cause of the weight loss?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reduction of edema. In acute glomerulonephritis, there is often significant fluid retention leading to edema. As the child receives treatment and responds positively, the excess fluid accumulated in the body is excreted, resulting in weight loss. Poor appetite (
A) would lead to weight loss over a longer period, not within 4 days. Bed rest (
B) may impact muscle mass but not significantly affect weight loss in such a short time frame. Increased potassium intake (
C) would not directly result in weight loss.
Therefore, the reduction of edema (
D) is the most likely cause of the weight loss observed in this scenario.
Extract:
An 8-year-old following a post-cardiac catheterization procedure
Question 5 of 5
A pediatric nurse is seeing an 8-year-old following a post-cardiac catheterization procedure. Which of the following interventions ordered by the physician should be questioned by the nurse? (Select All that Apply)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Encourage play and activity. This intervention should be questioned by the nurse because after a cardiac catheterization procedure, the child should have limited physical activity to prevent complications such as bleeding or disruption at the catheter site. Encouraging play and activity could increase the risk of injury or dislodging the catheter.
A: Putting pressure above the catheter site for first signs of bleeding is correct as it helps control bleeding.
B: Regularly check the pulses and temperature of the affected extremity is correct to monitor for any signs of complications.
D: Encouraging the parents to ambulate with the child after the procedure is correct to prevent blood clots and promote circulation.
E: Monitor cardiac function and oxygen saturation is correct to ensure the child's cardiovascular stability.