ATI RN
RN ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Ringworm, frequently found in school children, is caused by which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ringworm is caused by a fungus, specifically dermatophytes that infect the skin, hair, or nails. Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, making schools a common place for transmission. Viruses, allergic reactions, and bacterial infections do not cause ringworm. Ringworm is a fungal infection, not a result of an allergic reaction or bacterial infection.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is instructing a school-age child who has asthma about the use of a peak expiratory flow meter. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Blow into the meter as hard and quickly as possible. This instruction is correct because when using a peak expiratory flow meter, the individual needs to blow out as forcefully as possible to get an accurate reading of their peak expiratory flow rate. This helps in assessing the severity of asthma symptoms and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
A: Placing the tongue on the mouthpiece is incorrect as it may interfere with the airflow and affect the accuracy of the reading.
B: Maintaining a semi-Fowler's position is not necessary for using a peak flow meter.
C: Recording the average of the readings is not typically done with peak flow meters as the focus is on the individual's peak expiratory flow rate.
E, F, G: No other choices were provided.
In summary, blowing into the meter as hard and quickly as possible is the correct instruction for using a peak expiratory flow meter, as it ensures an accurate measurement of peak expir
Question 3 of 5
A child with a history of diabetes mellitus presents with sweating, confusion, and slurred speech. The nurse suspects the cause is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypoglycemia. In a child with a history of diabetes mellitus, sweating, confusion, and slurred speech indicate low blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia can lead to neuroglycopenic symptoms like confusion and slurred speech. Hyperglycemia (choice
A) would present with polyuria, polydipsia, and fruity breath. Hyperkalemia (choice
B) can cause muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. Hyponatremia (choice
C) typically presents with weakness, fatigue, and confusion. In this case, the symptoms point towards hypoglycemia as the most likely cause.
Question 4 of 5
When caring for a patient with Syndrome of inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH), the nurse would expect her patient to exhibit the following clinical signs and symptoms (Select all that apply):
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale:
Step-by-step rationale:
A: Fluid retention - In SIADH, there is excessive ADH secretion leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.
B: Hypotonicity - Due to water retention, serum osmolality decreases leading to hypotonicity.
C: Anorexia - SIADH can cause nausea, vomiting, and anorexia due to hyponatremia and cerebral edema.
Incorrect choices:
D: Frequent urination - SIADH causes water retention, leading to decreased urine output, not frequent urination.
Question 5 of 5
When should children with cognitive impairments be referred for stimulation and educational programs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: As young as possible. Early intervention for children with cognitive impairments is crucial for optimal development. Early stimulation and educational programs can significantly improve outcomes. The brain's plasticity is highest in early childhood, making it the most effective time for interventions. Waiting until age 3 or 5 (choices C and
D) may lead to missed opportunities for crucial development.
Choice B limits the intervention to verbal communication, overlooking other important areas.
Therefore, referring children as young as possible (choice
A) is the best approach to ensure they receive the necessary support and resources early on.