ATI RN
ATI N 144 Exam 1 Fundamental Concepts for Nursing Practice Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Physiological response to fear and anxiety includes which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tachycardia is a physiological response to fear and anxiety caused by stress hormones stimulating the sympathetic nervous system increasing heart rate to prepare for fight-or-flight. Bronchial constriction worsens with anxiety but is not a direct response. Bradypnea (slow breathing) and pupillary constriction are opposite to the typical responses of increased breathing and pupil dilation.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for an older adult client who is receiving intravenous fluids at 150 mL/hr. Upon assessment,the nurse notes crackles shortness of breath and jugular vein distention. Based on this data which complication of IV fluid therapy does the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fluid volume excess is a condition in which the body retains more fluid than it needs resulting in edema hypertension and heart failure. It is a potential complication of IV fluid therapy especially in older adults who have reduced renal function and cardiac output. The nurse's assessment findings of crackles shortness of breath and jugular vein distention are indicative of fluid overload and pulmonary congestion. Fluid volume deficit would present with dehydration and hypotension which are not indicated here. Speed shock is related to rapid medication administration not fluid therapy. Pulmonary embolism involves a blockage in pulmonary arteries typically with symptoms like chest pain and hemoptysis not fluid overload signs.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is talking with a client who has osteoporosis and needs to increase her vitamin D intake as part of her treatment plan. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse reinforce with the client to help ensure an adequate intake of vitamin D?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus which are essential for bone health. The main source of vitamin D is exposure to sunlight which triggers the skin to produce it. The nurse should advise the client to spend at least 15 minutes outdoors every day preferably in the morning or evening when the sun is not too strong. Cereal may be fortified with vitamin D calcium is related but not vitamin D and exercise does not directly increase vitamin D.
Question 4 of 5
The RN receives a call from the lab that a client's potassium chloride (KCl) level is 6.6 (normal range is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L). What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stopping the KCl infusion is the first and most urgent action that the nurse should take. A high level of potassium in the blood or hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. The nurse should stop the source of excess potassium which is the KCl infusion and monitor the client’s vital signs electrocardiogram and symptoms. Administering more KCl or encouraging fluids without stopping the infusion would worsen the condition. Calling the pharmacy is secondary to stopping the infusion.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has open-angle glaucoma. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect the patient to report?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gradual loss of peripheral vision is characteristic of open-angle glaucoma due to blocked drainage angles increasing intraocular pressure and damaging the optic nerve. Central vision loss is typical of macular degeneration sudden headache and nausea indicate acute angle-closure glaucoma and cloudy vision suggests cataracts.