ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Methotrexate is ordered for a client with a malignant tumor, and the nurse is providing education about self-care after the chemotherapy is given. Which statements by the nurse are appropriate for the client receiving methotrexate? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B,C,D
Rationale:
B: Avoid foods that are too hot, too cold, or rough in texture. Methotrexate can cause mucositis, making the oral cavity sensitive. Avoiding extreme temperatures and rough textures helps prevent irritation and discomfort.
C: Avoid areas with large crowds or gatherings. Methotrexate suppresses the immune system, increasing the risk of infection. Avoiding crowds reduces the risk of exposure to infections.
D: Prepare for hair loss. Methotrexate can cause hair loss as a side effect. Preparing the client for this possibility helps manage expectations and emotional impact.
Incorrect:
A: Hair loss is not expected with this drug. This statement is incorrect as hair loss is a common side effect of methotrexate.
E: Restrict fluid intake to reduce nausea and vomiting. Restricting fluid intake can lead to dehydration, which is not recommended during chemotherapy.
Question 2 of 5
When monitoring a client who is taking a cholinergic drug, the nurse will watch for which cardiovascular effect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bradycardia. Cholinergic drugs stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to decreased heart rate (bradycardia). Palpitations (
A) and tachycardia (
D) are not expected effects of cholinergic drugs. Vasoconstriction (
B) is more commonly associated with sympathetic nervous system activation.
Choices E, F, and G are not provided in the question.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has schizophrenia strategies to cope with anticholinergic effects of fluphenazine. Which of the following should the nurse suggest to the client to minimize anticholinergic effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C - Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth.
Rationale:
1. Anticholinergic effects of fluphenazine include dry mouth.
2. Chewing sugarless gum stimulates saliva production, helping to moisten the mouth.
3. This strategy addresses the specific anticholinergic side effect effectively.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Taking an antacid to relieve nausea is unrelated to anticholinergic effects.
B: Using cooling measures to decrease fever is not relevant to anticholinergic effects.
D: Taking the medication in the morning to prevent insomnia does not address anticholinergic effects.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client IS min after administering morphine sulfate 2 mg via IV push. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory rate 8/min. Morphine sulfate is an opioid that can cause respiratory depression as a side effect. A respiratory rate of 8/min is significantly lower than the normal range (12-20/min), indicating potential respiratory depression. This is a serious adverse effect that requires immediate intervention to prevent respiratory failure.
Choices A, B, and C are not indicative of respiratory depression.
Choice A shows a normal oxygen saturation level, choice B indicates pain which is expected after administration of morphine, and choice C describes drowsiness which is a common side effect of opioids but does not indicate respiratory depression.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for lithium to treat bipolar disorder. The nurse should instruct the client to ensure an adequate intake of which of the following dietary elements?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sodium. Lithium can cause the body to lose sodium through increased urination, leading to potential side effects like dehydration and toxicity. Ensuring an adequate intake of sodium helps maintain electrolyte balance and prevents these complications.
Choice A, Potassium, is not directly impacted by lithium and is not a primary concern. Vitamin K (
B) and Vitamin C (
D) are not specifically related to lithium therapy.
Therefore, the correct instruction for the client is to focus on maintaining adequate sodium intake while on lithium treatment.