ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
During a routine physical examination, a nurse observes a 1-cm (0.4-in) lesion on a client's chest. The lesion is raised and flesh-colored with pearly white borders. The nurse should recognize that this finding is suggestive of which of the following types of skin cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Basal cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as a raised, flesh-colored lesion with pearly white borders. This type of skin cancer is the most common and is usually slow-growing with low metastatic potential. It is often found on sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, and chest. Melanoma (
A) is characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, varied color, and a diameter larger than 6mm. Squamous cell carcinoma (
B) is usually a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly crust. Kaposi's sarcoma (
D) typically presents as purple or blue-black patches or nodules on the skin.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new arteriovenous fistula in the right forearm. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching as a possible indication of venous insufficiency?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cold and numbness distal to the fistula site. This is indicative of venous insufficiency, which can occur when the arteriovenous fistula is not functioning properly. When there is inadequate blood flow through the fistula, it can result in reduced circulation to the distal part of the arm, leading to coldness and numbness. Swelling around the fistula (choice
B) is more commonly associated with infection or inadequate drainage. Bleeding from the fistula (choice
C) is a potential complication but not a typical manifestation of venous insufficiency. Pain at the site of the fistula (choice
D) may indicate infection or clotting issues rather than venous insufficiency.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has advanced lung cancer. The client's provider has recommended hospice services for the client. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a correct understanding of hospice care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct Answer: A - "I should expect the hospice team to help me manage my dyspnea."
Rationale: Hospice care focuses on providing comfort and quality of life for patients with terminal illnesses, such as advanced lung cancer. Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is a common symptom in lung cancer patients, and the hospice team is trained to provide symptom management and relief. By acknowledging the role of the hospice team in managing dyspnea, the client demonstrates an understanding of the palliative nature of hospice care.
Summary of other choices:
B: "I will receive chemotherapy to treat my cancer." - Hospice care does not aim to cure the underlying illness but rather focuses on comfort and quality of life.
C: "I will be admitted to the hospital for further treatment." - Hospice care is typically provided in the comfort of the patient's own home or a hospice facility, not in a hospital setting for further treatment.
D: "I will receive radiation therapy
Question 4 of 5
A nurse works with an AP assigned to bathe a client with herpes zoster. The AP asks if it is contagious. What should the nurse say?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. Individuals who have had chickenpox in the past are not at risk of getting shingles from someone with herpes zoster. The virus is not transmitted through the air (choice
B) or through blood contact only (choice
D). It is not highly contagious to everyone (choice
C). By explaining to the AP that herpes zoster is not contagious to individuals who have had chickenpox, the nurse provides accurate information and helps alleviate concerns about the spread of the virus.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a class about preventive care to clients who are at risk for acquiring viral hepatitis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the presentation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Food should be prepared with purified water. Hepatitis A virus can be spread through contaminated water or food. Using purified water for food preparation can help prevent the transmission of the virus.
Choice A is incorrect because avoiding foods prepared with tap water alone may not be sufficient to prevent hepatitis.
Choice B is incorrect as there is no vaccination available for hepatitis C.
Choice C is important for general hygiene but may not specifically prevent hepatitis transmission.