ATI RN
RN ATI Adult Medsurg Proctored Exam 2023 With NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
An emergency room nurse is assessing a client who has asthma and difficulty breathing. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing status asthmaticus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use of accessory muscles. In status asthmaticus, a severe and life-threatening asthma exacerbation, the client's airways are severely constricted, leading to inadequate air exchange. The use of accessory muscles (such as intercostal and supraclavicular muscles) indicates significant respiratory distress as the body tries to compensate for the difficulty in breathing. Mild wheezing (choice
A) may be present in asthma but does not necessarily indicate status asthmaticus. Decreased respiratory rate (choice
C) is not consistent with the increased respiratory effort seen in status asthmaticus. Productive cough (choice
D) is more indicative of conditions such as bronchitis or pneumonia, not necessarily status asthmaticus.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving intermittent IV fluids via a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the clients plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the PICC infusion system systematically. This is essential to monitor for signs of infection, occlusion, or dislodgement of the catheter. Regular assessment can help identify any issues early and prevent complications.
Summary:
B: Flushing the line only before infusing medication is incorrect as regular flushing is necessary to maintain catheter patency.
C: Using a sterile dressing every 7 days is incorrect as the dressing should be changed according to facility protocol or if it becomes soiled or loose.
D: Allowing the catheter to remain uncapped when not in use is incorrect as it can increase the risk of contamination and infection.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for lactated Ringers by continuous IV infusion to replace output from an NG tube. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that this therapy is effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urine specific gravity 1.020. This finding indicates that the kidneys are effectively concentrating urine, which means fluid balance is being maintained. A specific gravity of 1.020 is within the normal range, suggesting adequate hydration. A high specific gravity like 1.035 (choice
A) indicates dehydration. Decreased skin turgor (choice
C) and dry mucous membranes (choice
D) are signs of dehydration, not effectiveness of therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a clients ECG strip and notes an irregular heart rate of 98/min with no clear P waves. Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias should the nurse document?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Atrial fibrillation. In atrial fibrillation, the heart rate is irregular and fast (98/min), and there are no clear P waves on the ECG strip, which aligns with the findings in the scenario. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by chaotic electrical activity in the atria, leading to an irregular heart rate. Sinus bradycardia (
A) is characterized by a slow heart rate with normal P waves. Ventricular tachycardia (
C) is a fast heart rhythm originating in the ventricles with distinct QRS complexes. First-degree heart block (
D) is identified by a prolonged PR interval but should still have clear P waves. Other choices are not relevant. In this case, the absence of clear P waves and irregular heart rate point towards atrial fibrillation as the correct dysrhythmia to document.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about the prevention of coronary artery disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct Answer: A: Walk 30 min daily at a comfortable pace.
Rationale: Regular physical activity, such as walking, helps prevent coronary artery disease by improving cardiovascular health, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing stress. Walking for 30 minutes daily at a comfortable pace can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of developing heart disease.
Summary of other choices:
B: Avoiding all sources of dietary fat is not recommended as the body needs healthy fats for various functions.
C: Increasing sodium intake does not prevent coronary artery disease and can actually contribute to hypertension, a risk factor for the disease.
D: Only exercising when experiencing symptoms is not proactive in preventing coronary artery disease and may lead to missed opportunities for prevention.