ATI RN
ATI RN Custom Med Surg Surgical patient Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
An athlete has been practicing twice a day in the heat and reports being dizzy. The patient's vital signs are blood pressure of 100/2 mm Hg, pulse rate of 100 beats/min, and respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min; the patient does not remember the last voiding time. The skin is cool to touch and pale in color. Which type of shock is the patient experiencing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypovolemic shock from fluid loss due to heat and exercise matches the symptoms of low BP, tachycardia, tachypnea, and pale skin. Neurogenic involves spinal injury, cardiogenic heart failure, and anaphylactic allergic reaction.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client following removal of the client's endotracheal tube. What findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stridor suggests airway obstruction, requiring urgent reporting. Crackles indicate lower airway issues, while cough and breathing are positive post-extubation signs.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative and receiving fentanyl via patient-controlled analgesia. The patient has a prescription for naloxone. What is the purpose of naloxone?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Naloxone blocks opioid effects on the CNS, reversing respiratory depression. It does not affect secretions, nausea, or urinary retention.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV therapy in the left forearm and notices that the site is red, swollen, and warm. What action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Discontinuing the IV infusion prevents further irritation in phlebitis, characterized by redness, swelling, and warmth. Elevation and compresses are secondary, and inserting a new IV follows discontinuation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is analyzing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a patient. The patient's ABGs are: pH:7.6, PaCO2:40 mm Hg, HCO3:32 mEq/L. Which of the following acid-base conditions should the nurse identify the patient is experiencing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High pH (7.6) and elevated HCO3 (32 mEq/L) with normal PaCO2 indicate metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis has low pH, respiratory alkalosis low PaCO2, and metabolic acidosis low HCO3.