ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Exam Final Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A terminally ill patient is experiencing a great deal of dyspnea and noisy,rattling rapid respirations. The nurse administers morphine in a very small liquid or intramuscular dose. The purpose of this is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Morphine is given to decrease the respiratory rate and relieve dyspnea in terminally ill patients. Morphine is a potent analgesic that also has a sedative effect, which can help reduce the sensation of breathlessness and the distress associated with rapid respirations. It does not directly dry up secretions (choice
B) or hasten death by stopping respirations (choice
D). Administering morphine in a small dose is intended to provide comfort and improve quality of life for the patient, not to expedite death.
Question 2 of 5
Directions: Correlate the behavior with Kübler-Ross's stages of dying from the choices below. pleads "If Mom will just be OK. I'll do my homework every day."
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: The behavior of pleading for a favorable outcome ("If Mom will just be OK, I'll do my homework every day") aligns with Kübler-Ross's stage of Bargaining. This stage involves attempting to negotiate for a better outcome in exchange for changed behavior or actions. It signifies a sense of desperation and a desire to regain control in a situation perceived as out of control. This behavior reflects a form of bargaining or making deals to cope with the impending loss or difficult situation. The other choices are incorrect because Anger involves feelings of frustration and resentment, Acceptance is characterized by coming to terms with the reality of the situation, Depression reflects deep sadness and hopelessness, and Denial entails refusal to accept the truth of the situation.
Question 3 of 5
The focus on quality of life issues is best implemented by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hospice. Hospice focuses on providing quality end-of-life care, emphasizing comfort, dignity, and emotional support for patients and their families. It addresses physical, emotional, and spiritual needs, enhancing quality of life.
Advance directives (
A) are legal documents outlining healthcare wishes, not directly related to quality of life. Acceptance (
B) and hope (
C) are important but do not specifically address quality of life issues like hospice does.
Question 4 of 5
Directions: Correlate the behavior with Kübler-Ross's stages of dying from the choices below. Tells God: "If I quit smoking I can just live until after my daughter's wedding."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bargaining. In Kübler-Ross's stages of dying, bargaining is characterized by attempting to negotiate for more time or a different outcome in exchange for changing behavior or circumstances. In this scenario, the individual is bargaining with a higher power by offering to quit smoking in exchange for more time to live until after their daughter's wedding. This demonstrates the classic behavior associated with the bargaining stage.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Anger - There is no indication of anger or hostility in the statement.
C: Depression - There is no expression of sadness or hopelessness.
D: Acceptance - The individual is not fully accepting the reality of the situation.
E: Denial - The individual is not denying the situation but rather trying to negotiate terms.
Question 5 of 5
A hospice patient is unable to tolerate food or fluids and has advance directives that indicate that he does not want IV fluids or tube feedings if he is unable to take oral feedings. His family is concerned that he will be very uncomfortable without food or fluids. The nurse should tell them that:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Answer A is correct because in this scenario, providing IV fluids or tube feeding to a hospice patient who is unable to tolerate food or fluids goes against the patient's advance directives. It is important to respect the patient's wishes and autonomy. Dehydration in this context has been shown to decrease pain and discomfort rather than increase it. This is supported by evidence that shows hydration status does not significantly impact pain perception in terminally ill patients. Providing IV fluids or tube feeding could potentially cause discomfort, disrupt the natural dying process, and go against the patient's wishes for end-of-life care.
Therefore, the nurse should explain to the family that respecting the patient's advance directives and focusing on comfort measures aligned with the patient's wishes is the most appropriate course of action in this situation.