ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Exam Special Unit ADN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months states that a new, persistent dry cough is very bothersome. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril, enalapril) can cause a persistent dry cough due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that can irritate the airways. Calcium channel blocker: Calcium channel blockers (e.g., amlodipine, diltiazem) do not commonly cause a dry cough. They primarily work by relaxing blood vessels and reducing heart workload. Angiotensin II receptor blocker: ARBs (e.g., losartan, valsartan) do not typically cause a persistent cough. They are often prescribed instead of ACE inhibitors for patients who experience this side effect. Beta-blockers: Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol, propranolol) are not commonly associated with a dry cough. They mainly affect heart rate and blood pressure but can cause bronchospasms in some patients.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client about taking diphenhydramine. The nurse should explain to the client that which of the following is an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sedation: Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier and has a sedative effect by blocking histamine receptors in the central nervous system. It is commonly used as a sleep aid for this reason. Hypertension: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an antihistamine that typically causes hypotension, not hypertension. It can have a mild vasodilatory effect, leading to a drop in blood pressure in some patients. Constipation: While some antihistamines can cause mild gastrointestinal effects, constipation is not a primary adverse effect of diphenhydramine. Dry mouth and urinary retention are more common due to its anticholinergic properties. Bradycardia: Diphenhydramine can sometimes cause tachycardia (increased heart rate), especially in elderly patients or those prone to cardiovascular effects. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a usual adverse effect.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months states that a new, persistent dry cough is very bothersome. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril, enalapril) can cause a persistent dry cough due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that can irritate the airways. Calcium channel blocker: Calcium channel blockers (e.g., amlodipine, diltiazem) do not commonly cause a dry cough. They primarily work by relaxing blood vessels and reducing heart workload. Angiotensin II receptor blocker: ARBs (e.g., losartan, valsartan) do not typically cause a persistent cough. They are often prescribed instead of ACE inhibitors for patients who experience this side effect. Beta-blockers: Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol, propranolol) are not commonly associated with a dry cough. They mainly affect heart rate and blood pressure but can cause bronchospasms in some patients.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is calculating the total fluid intake for a client during a 4-hr period. The client consumes 1 cup of coffee, 4 oz of orange juice, 3 oz of water, 1 cup of flavored gelatin, 1 cup of tea, 5 oz of broth, and 3 oz of water. The nurse should record how many mL of intake on the client's record? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1170
Rationale:
Step 1: Convert cups and ounces to mL (1 cup = 240 mL, 1 oz = 30 mL): Coffee: 1 cup = 240 mL; Orange juice: 4 oz × 30 mL = 120 mL; Water.ConcurrentHashMap (first): 3 oz × 30 mL = 90 mL; Flavored gelatin: 1 cup = 240 mL; Tea: 1 cup = 240 mL; Broth: 5 oz × 30 mL = 150 mL; Water (second): 3 oz × 30 mL = 90 mL.
Step 2: Add all the mL values together: 240 + 120 + 90 + 240 + 240 + 150 + 90 = 1,170 mL. Final Answer: 1,170 mL.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is observing a newly licensed nurse who is performing a focused skin assessment on a client who reports a skin condition. Which of the following questions by the newly licensed nurse requires intervention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Have you had any changes in your diet?': While diet can impact skin health, this question is not the most relevant for an immediate skin assessment. More direct questions about onset, symptoms, and exacerbating factors should be prioritized. 'Does your skin condition keep you awake at night?': Pruritus (itching), pain, or discomfort from a skin condition can disrupt sleep. Asking this helps assess the impact on daily life and quality of sleep. 'How does your skin condition make you feel?': Skin conditions can affect self-esteem and mental health. This question is therapeutic and appropriate to assess emotional impact. 'How do you handle stress?': Many skin conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis, worsen with stress. This question is relevant for identifying triggers.