Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sanitation and other public health activities. This is because improvements in sanitation, clean water supply, waste management, and public health initiatives such as vaccination programs played a crucial role in increasing life expectancy by reducing the spread of infectious diseases. Advances in surgical techniques might have helped in specific cases but were not the primary driver of the overall increase in life expectancy. Technology increases in medical laboratory research and the use of antibiotics were also important, but they were not as impactful on a population level as improved sanitation and public health measures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Consider how the nurse's own personal beliefs and decisions are reflective of their culture. This is the first step in developing cultural competence because self-awareness is essential before understanding others. By reflecting on one's own beliefs and biases, the nurse can identify areas for growth and be more open-minded towards diverse cultures. This self-reflection helps in recognizing how personal values may influence interactions with clients from different backgrounds.


Choice A is incorrect because understanding the community's demographics does not address the nurse's own biases.
Choice B is valuable but should come after self-reflection.
Choice D may be helpful but doesn't directly address the nurse's own cultural competence.

Correct Answer: A,C,E

Rationale: The correct answer is A, C, and E. Anthrax can enter the body through different portals. A: Integumentary system - through cuts or abrasions in the skin; C: Central nervous system - through inhalation of spores that can travel to the brain; E: Respiratory system - through inhalation of spores. B, D, F, and G are incorrect as anthrax does not typically enter through the endocrine, renal, or other systems. Summarily, the correct portals of entry for anthrax are the integumentary, central nervous, and respiratory systems, making options A, C, and E the correct choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges the client's concern about the already damaged heart while also highlighting the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation. By stating that cardiac rehabilitation cannot undo the damage but can help the client safely return to previous activity levels, the nurse addresses the client's worry and emphasizes the importance of the program in improving the client's quality of life.


Choice A is incorrect as it does not directly address the client's concern about the heart damage, focusing instead on the benefits of diet and exercise.
Choice B is incorrect as it minimizes the client's feelings and does not provide assurance about the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation.
Choice D is incorrect as it deflects responsibility to the doctor without addressing the client's concerns or providing information about cardiac rehabilitation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: If you experience chest pain, call your physician immediately. This is crucial because sumatriptan can rarely cause serious cardiovascular side effects, such as chest pain. Instructing the client to contact their physician immediately if they experience chest pain ensures prompt medical attention.


Choice A is incorrect because repeating the dose in 1 hour is not recommended due to the risk of medication overuse.
Choice B is incorrect as sumatriptan tablets should not be chewed, as it may affect the absorption and efficacy of the medication.
Choice D is incorrect as sumatriptan is not meant for daily preventive use but rather for acute migraine treatment.