ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it shows the client understands the importance of monitoring for potential side effects like unusual menstrual bleeding, which can be a serious complication of chemotherapy. This statement reflects proactive involvement in self-care and prompt communication with healthcare providers.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because stopping chemotherapy without medical guidance can be harmful, hair loss may not always be permanent, and follow-up tests are essential for monitoring treatment effectiveness and potential complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Basal cell carcinoma has a low incidence of metastasis. This should be included in the educational program because basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes. Metastasis is the spread of cancer from the original site to other parts of the body, and in the case of basal cell carcinoma, it tends to remain localized. This information is crucial for patients to understand the prognosis and treatment options.

Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Basal cell carcinoma often spreads to lymph nodes - This statement is incorrect as basal cell carcinoma typically does not spread to lymph nodes.
C: Basal cell carcinoma is most common in young adults - Basal cell carcinoma is more common in older individuals, typically over the age of 50.
D: Basal cell carcinoma is curable with chemotherapy - While chemotherapy may be a treatment option for some cases of basal cell carcinoma, it is not the primary treatment and not always curative.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Clients with vulvodynia should avoid the use of any lubricants to prevent irritation and exacerbation of symptoms. Lubricants can contain chemicals or fragrances that can further irritate the sensitive skin in the vulvar area. Choosing products specifically designed for sensitive skin or recommended by a healthcare provider is crucial. Using lubricants can worsen symptoms and discomfort.
Avoiding scented soaps (choice
A) is important as well because fragrances can also irritate the vulvar area. Wearing tight synthetic underwear (choice
C) can trap moisture and heat, leading to increased irritation. Using hot baths frequently (choice
D) can also worsen symptoms by further irritating the sensitive skin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Postcoital bleeding. Cervical polyps are benign growths on the cervix that can cause postcoital bleeding due to contact with the polyp during intercourse. Pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and urinary incontinence are not typical symptoms of cervical polyps. Pelvic pain may occur in other conditions like endometriosis. Heavy menstrual bleeding can be a symptom of fibroids or hormonal imbalances. Urinary incontinence is more commonly associated with pelvic floor disorders or urinary tract infections. Postcoital bleeding specifically points to cervical polyps as the likely cause.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because DIC is characterized by abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen. In septic shock, the body's response triggers widespread activation of the coagulation system, leading to the consumption of clotting factors like fibrinogen. This results in the formation of microclots throughout the body, leading to organ dysfunction.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as DIC is not caused by increased fibrinogen levels, a reduction in platelet production, or a decrease in clotting factors. It is essential for the nurse to emphasize the role of abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen in DIC to help the client understand the pathology and potential complications associated with septic shock.