ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse manager is planning an in-service about pain management with opioids for clients who have cancer. Which of the following information should the nurse manager include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because respiratory depression decreases as opioid tolerance develops. Opioid tolerance occurs with prolonged use, leading to a decrease in the side effect of respiratory depression. This information is crucial for healthcare providers managing cancer pain with opioids.
Choice A is incorrect because oral administration is preferred over intramuscular for better absorption and convenience.
Choice C is incorrect as meperidine is not recommended for chronic pain due to its toxic metabolite.
Choice D is incorrect as PRN pain medication should not be withheld for clients on scheduled opioid doses to ensure adequate pain control.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the list of current medications for a client who is to start a prescription for carbamazepine. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications interacts with carbamazepine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Estrogen-progestin combination. Carbamazepine can decrease the effectiveness of estrogen-containing medications, including estrogen-progestin combinations, by increasing their metabolism. This can lead to reduced contraceptive efficacy and breakthrough bleeding.
Nicotine transdermal system (choice
A) does not have a significant interaction with carbamazepine. Diphenhydramine (choice
B) is an antihistamine and does not interact with carbamazepine. Beclomethasone (choice
D) is a corticosteroid and does not have a significant interaction with carbamazepine.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a respiratory infection and is receiving an antibiotic. Which of the following medications puts the client at risk for developing hearing loss?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Gentamicin. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known to cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss. The medication affects the inner ear's hair cells, resulting in irreversible damage. Rifampin (
A), Ciprofloxacin (
B), and Penicillin G (
C) are not associated with ototoxicity. In summary, Gentamicin (
D) is the only medication in the choices that poses a risk for hearing loss due to its ototoxic effects on the inner ear.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a guardian of a school-age child who has a new prescription for a fluticasone metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (SATA)
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C, D, E
Rationale:
C: Shake the device prior to administration - Shaking the inhaler ensures proper mixing of the medication for effective delivery to the lungs.
D: A spacer will make it easier to use the device - A spacer helps improve medication delivery by ensuring more of the medication reaches the lungs rather than the mouth or throat.
E: - Additional information may include the importance of proper inhaler technique, how to clean the device, how to monitor for side effects, and when to seek medical help.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Soak the inhaler in water after use - Soaking the inhaler in water can damage the device and affect the medication's effectiveness.
B: Have your child take one inhalation as needed for shortness of breath - The prescription likely specifies a specific dosing regimen that should be followed, rather than using the inhaler as needed.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride elixir 20 mEq/day PO to divide equally every 12 hr. Available is 6.7 mEq/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to the nearest tenth.)
Correct Answer: 7.5
Rationale: The correct answer is 7.5 mL.
To determine this, first calculate the total daily dose: 20 mEq/day ÷ 2 doses/day = 10 mEq/dose. Next, find the mL per dose using the available concentration: 10 mEq ÷ 6.7 mEq/5 mL = 7.46 mL, which rounds to 7.5 mL. This ensures the patient receives the correct dose of potassium chloride elixir. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculation or rounding process, leading to potential under or overdosing.