ATI RN
ATI Capstone Week 9 Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus about preventing the long-term complications of retinopathy and nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct Answer: C - Maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Rationale: Stable blood glucose levels are crucial in preventing complications of retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes. Fluctuating blood sugar levels contribute to damage in the blood vessels of the eyes and kidneys. By keeping blood glucose levels stable through proper diet, exercise, medication adherence, and monitoring, the client can reduce the risk of complications.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Examining feet daily is important to prevent diabetic foot ulcers but not specific to retinopathy and nephropathy.
B: Wearing compression stockings is more related to managing peripheral vascular disease and venous insufficiency, not retinopathy and nephropathy.
D: Having an eye examination once per year is important for monitoring retinopathy but does not address prevention.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as having the potential to cause nephrotoxicity?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gentamicin. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known to cause nephrotoxicity, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease due to its potential to accumulate in the kidneys. This can lead to kidney damage and impaired renal function. Ondansetron (
A) and Diphenhydramine (
B) are not typically associated with nephrotoxicity. Omeprazole (
D) is a proton pump inhibitor used for acid-related disorders and is not known to cause nephrotoxicity.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and notes the client is declining. Which of the following would indicate the client is in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Glucose level of 650 mg/dL. In HHS, blood glucose levels are typically very high (>600 mg/dL), leading to severe dehydration. This can result in neurological symptoms and altered mental status. Hypertension (
A) can be present but is not specific to HHS. Fruity breath (
B) is more indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A), not HHS. Ketosis (
C) is seen in DKA, not HHS.
Therefore, the key indicator for HHS is extremely high blood glucose levels.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and a sodium level of 123 mEq/L. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Restrict fluid intake to 1,000 ml per day. In SIADH, there is excessive release of ADH leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Limiting fluid intake helps prevent further water retention and dilution of sodium levels, aiming to increase serum sodium concentration. Providing a low sodium diet (choice
A) may not be sufficient to correct the low sodium level quickly. Administering desmopressin acetate (choice
C) further increases ADH release and worsens the condition. Maintaining an IV of 0.45% sodium chloride (choice
D) may lead to rapid correction of sodium levels, which can cause osmotic demyelination syndrome.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has asthma how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). The nurse identifies the sequence of steps the client should follow. (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all steps.)
Correct Answer: A,B,E,C,D,F
Rationale: Action to Take: Inhale deeply and then exhale completely, Place her lips firmly around the mouthpiece, Breathe in deeply over 2 to 3 seconds while pushing down on the canister, Hold her breath for 10 seconds, Exhale slowly through pursed lips, Wait 60 seconds between each puff; Potential Condition: Asthma; Parameter to Monitor: Inhalation technique, Breath holding duration.
Rationale: The correct sequence ensures optimal delivery of medication. Inhaling deeply allows the medication to reach the lungs. Placing lips firmly ensures a good seal. Breathing in slowly while pushing down delivers the medication. Holding breath allows absorption. Exhaling slowly reduces irritation. Waiting between puffs prevents overdose. Asthma requires careful monitoring of inhalation technique and breath holding for effectiveness and safety.