ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client with Addison's disease about its cause. What should the nurse say?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Addison's disease is caused by the lack of production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands do not produce enough aldosterone, leading to symptoms like low blood pressure, weakness, and electrolyte imbalances.
Choice A is incorrect because Addison's disease is not caused by the overproduction of growth hormone.
Choice C is incorrect as it mentions excess thyroid hormone, which is not related to Addison's disease.
Choice D is incorrect because Addison's disease is characterized by underactive, not overactive, adrenal glands.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client with a T4 spinal cord injury at risk for UTIs. What should be included?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encourage fluid intake at and between meals. This is because increasing fluid intake helps to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of UTIs. Limiting fluid intake (choice
A) can lead to concentrated urine, making it easier for bacteria to multiply. Restricting acidic foods (choice
C) does not directly impact the risk of UTIs. Using an indwelling catheter continuously (choice
D) actually increases the risk of UTIs due to the constant presence of a foreign body in the urinary tract. Encouraging fluid intake at and between meals is the most effective way to prevent UTIs in clients with spinal cord injuries.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with a sucking chest wound from a gunshot. What action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oxygen via nasal cannula. This is the priority action to ensure the client receives adequate oxygenation. In a sucking chest wound, air enters the pleural space, leading to a potential pneumothorax, which can compromise oxygenation. Administering oxygen helps maintain oxygen saturation levels and supports respiratory function. Placing the client in Trendelenburg position (choice
B) can worsen respiratory distress by increasing pressure on the diaphragm. Applying a warm compress (choice
C) may promote bleeding and is not effective in managing a sucking chest wound. Encouraging deep breathing exercises (choice
D) can further exacerbate the pneumothorax by allowing more air to enter the pleural space.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is explaining DIC to a client with septic shock. What should the nurse say?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DI
C) is characterized by abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen. In DIC, there is widespread activation of the clotting cascade leading to the formation of microthrombi. This process consumes clotting factors like fibrinogen, leading to bleeding tendencies. Vitamin K deficiency (
B) primarily affects the production of clotting factors, but it is not the direct cause of DIC. Bone marrow suppression (
C) and an underactive clotting system (
D) are not accurate explanations for DIC.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones. What advice should be given?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Drink 3 L of fluid every day. Increasing fluid intake helps prevent the formation of kidney stones by diluting the urine and reducing the concentration of minerals like calcium oxalate. Adequate hydration promotes frequent urination, which helps flush out these minerals. Limiting fluid intake (choice
A) can lead to concentrated urine and increase the risk of stone formation. Increasing calcium intake (choice
C) can actually help prevent calcium oxalate stones, as calcium binds with oxalate in the intestines, reducing its absorption. Avoiding all citrus juices (choice
D) is unnecessary, as they do not directly contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones.