ATI RN
ATI RN pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 4
A nurse is teaching a client who is immunocompromised and requires a protective environment. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: You will be placed in a positive-pressure airflow room. This is because a positive-pressure room helps prevent the entry of airborne pathogens, reducing the risk of infection for an immunocompromised individual.
A: Wearing a sterile gown outside the room is not necessary for protecting against airborne pathogens.
B: Sharing a room with another immunocompromised individual increases the risk of cross-infection.
C: While an N95 respirator mask is important for respiratory protection, it may not be sufficient in a protective environment with airborne pathogens.
In summary, the correct answer D is the most appropriate measure to ensure the safety and well-being of the immunocompromised client.
Question 2 of 4
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for parenteral therapy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when initiating IV therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Apply the tourniquet 5 to 10 cm (about 2 to 4 in) above the IV insertion site. This step is crucial in initiating IV therapy as it helps to visualize and access the veins more easily. By applying the tourniquet at the correct distance from the insertion site, the nurse can create venous congestion, making the veins more prominent and easier to puncture. This step also helps to slow down the blood flow, making it easier to insert the IV catheter. It is important to apply the tourniquet properly to avoid causing discomfort or compromising blood flow to the extremity.
Incorrect choices:
A: Insert the IV catheter using the Z-track technique - The Z-track technique is used for intramuscular injections, not IV therapy.
B: Insert the IV catheter with the bevel down - The bevel of the IV catheter should be facing up for proper insertion into the vein.
C:
Question 3 of 4
A nurse is using the faces, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale to assess the need for PRN pain medication for a client who has cognitive impairment. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing pain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Resisting care. This behavior on the FLACC scale indicates the client is experiencing pain. Resisting care suggests the client is trying to avoid potential painful movements or touch. This could be a sign that the client is in discomfort and requires pain medication.
A: Rhythmic respirations - This is a normal physiological response and does not specifically indicate pain.
B: Absent cry - The absence of crying does not always correlate with pain, especially in clients with cognitive impairment.
D: Relaxed posturing - While relaxed posturing could suggest the client is not in pain, it is not a definitive indication of pain.
In summary, the key to identifying pain in a client with cognitive impairment using the FLACC scale is observing behaviors such as resisting care, which indicates the need for pain management.
Question 4 of 4
A nurse is preparing to administer phenobarbital 30 mg PO to a client. Available is phenobarbital 20 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 7.5 mL.
To calculate this, we first determine how many 20 mg doses are in 30 mg (30 mg ÷ 20 mg = 1.5 doses).
Then, since the medication is 20 mg/5 mL, each dose is 5 mL (20 mg ÷ 5 mL = 4 mL).
Therefore, 1.5 doses x 4 mL/dose = 6 mL. However, since we need to round up to ensure the full dosage is administered, the nurse should administer 7.5 mL.
Choice A (7 mL) is incorrect as it does not provide the full dosage.
Choices C (8 mL) and D (8.5 mL) are incorrect as they exceed the necessary dosage, leading to potential overdose risks.
Question 5 of 4
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a blood transfusion. The nurse notes lung crackles, hypoxia, and distended neck veins. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: The correct actions for the nurse to take are A, B, C, and D. A - Stopping the transfusion is crucial as the client is showing signs of fluid overload and a potential transfusion reaction. B - Placing the client in high-Fowler's position helps improve oxygenation. C - Obtaining a prescription for a diuretic can help manage fluid overload. D - Administering oxygen is essential to improve oxygen saturation.
Choices E and beyond are incorrect as epinephrine is not indicated for this situation and other interventions take precedence in managing the client's symptoms.