ATI RN
ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions Correct Answers Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has AIDS and wishes to continue self-care at home despite living alone. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates client advocacy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct Answer: B. Remind the client of the importance of medication adherence.
Rationale: Ensuring medication adherence is crucial for managing AIDS. By reminding the client of this, the nurse advocates for the client's health and well-being. This action promotes the client's self-care and disease management, ultimately empowering the client to take control of their health.
Summary of other choices:
A: Instructing the client to avoid eating raw vegetables is not directly related to client advocacy in the context of AIDS management.
C: Telling the client to avoid large crowds does not directly address the client's ability to continue self-care at home.
D: Initiating a referral to a home health agency may be helpful but does not directly demonstrate client advocacy in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is analyzing the ABG results of a client who is in respiratory acidosis. Which of the following mechanisms should the nurse identify as responsible for this acid-base imbalance?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Retention of carbon dioxide. In respiratory acidosis, there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream due to inadequate ventilation. This leads to increased levels of carbonic acid, causing the blood pH to decrease. The nurse should identify this mechanism as responsible for the acid-base imbalance.
Loss of bicarbonate (
B) would lead to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis. Excessive vomiting (
C) would result in metabolic alkalosis. Hyperventilation (
D) would actually help correct respiratory acidosis by blowing off excess carbon dioxide.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is completing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of AIDS. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
1. Using alcohol to wipe up areas soiled with body fluids helps to disinfect the surfaces, reducing the risk of infection spread.
2. Immediately disposing of the trash containing body fluids prevents further exposure to infectious materials.
3. This statement demonstrates understanding of infection control measures crucial for someone with AIDS.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Increasing fresh fruits and vegetables is a healthy choice but not directly related to preventing infection spread in the context of AIDS.
B: Taking clothes to the dry cleaners for sterilization is unnecessary and does not address infection control.
C: Wearing gloves and washing hands when changing a cat's litter box is a good hygiene practice but not specific to preventing transmission of HIV.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who had a lumbar laminectomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Turn the client by log rolling with a turning sheet. After a lumbar laminectomy, it is essential to prevent twisting or bending at the waist to avoid damaging the surgical site. Log rolling with a turning sheet maintains proper alignment of the spine. Encouraging independent ambulation (
A) may put strain on the surgical area. Positioning in a high Fowler's position (
C) may increase pressure on the surgical site. Applying a heating pad (
D) can lead to increased inflammation and potential burns.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client about the use of an incentive spirometer. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct Answer: A. Hold breaths about 3 to 5 seconds before exhaling.
Rationale: Holding the breath for a few seconds after inhaling with an incentive spirometer helps to fully expand the lungs and improve lung function. This technique prevents air from escaping too quickly and allows for optimal oxygen absorption. It also encourages deep breathing, which is essential for clearing the airways and improving overall lung capacity.
Summary of other choices:
B: Exhaling slowly through pursed lips is a technique used in pursed lip breathing, not with an incentive spirometer.
C: The position of the mouthpiece is important for comfort but not directly related to using the incentive spirometer.
D: Placing hands on the upper abdomen during inhalation is not a recommended technique for using an incentive spirometer.