ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Exam Final Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client Who has a new prescription for pancrelipase to aid in digestion. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following gastrointestinal changes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased fat in stools. Pancrelipase is a pancreatic enzyme replacement that helps in digesting fats.
Therefore, the client can expect a decrease in fat content in their stools as the enzyme aids in breaking down fats for absorption.
Choices A and B are not directly related to the action of pancrelipase.
Choice D is not a common gastrointestinal change associated with pancrelipase use.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is to start taking cyclosporine following a kidney transplant. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following foods can have an adverse interaction with this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice contains compounds that inhibit the enzyme CYP3A4, which is responsible for metabolizing cyclosporine. Inhibiting this enzyme can lead to increased levels of cyclosporine in the body, potentially causing toxicity. Smoked salmon, pepperoni, and orange juice do not have known interactions with cyclosporine. Grapefruit juice is the only food item listed that can adversely interact with cyclosporine due to its effect on drug metabolism.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. Which of the following manifestations indicates an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vomiting. Lactulose is a laxative used to treat constipation in cirrhotic patients by reducing ammonia levels. Vomiting can indicate electrolyte imbalance from excessive diarrhea caused by lactulose. Peripheral edema (
B) is not directly related to lactulose use. Headache (
C) and dry mouth (
D) are not common adverse effects of lactulose.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a group of young women about the use of oral contraceptives. The nurse should teach that taking Which of the following herbal preparations reduces the effectiveness of this birth control method?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: St. John's wort. St. John's wort can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives by speeding up the breakdown of estrogen and progestin in the body, leading to decreased contraceptive levels. This can result in reduced contraceptive efficacy and increase the risk of unintended pregnancy. Saw palmetto, Ginseng, and Gingko Siloba do not have known interactions with oral contraceptives.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a detached retina and is preoperative for a surgical repair. The nurse should prepare to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phenylephrine. In a client with a detached retina preoperative for surgical repair, the goal is to constrict the pupil and reduce intraocular pressure. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic agent that causes pupillary dilation and vasoconstriction, which helps stabilize the detached retina. Timolol (
A) is a beta-blocker used to reduce intraocular pressure in conditions like glaucoma. Pilocarpine (
B) is a miotic agent that constricts the pupil and increases drainage of aqueous humor; it is contraindicated in a detached retina. Latanoprost (
C) is a prostaglandin analog that also reduces intraocular pressure but is not suitable for a detached retina.