ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam I Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for lithium to treat bipolar disorder. The nurse should instruct the client to ensure an adequate intake of which of the following dietary elements?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A - Sodium
Rationale:
1. Lithium can lead to sodium depletion.
2. Sodium levels affect lithium absorption.
3. Adequate sodium intake helps maintain electrolyte balance.
Incorrect
Choices:
B: Vitamin C - Not directly related to lithium therapy.
C: Vitamin K - Not essential for lithium therapy.
D: Potassium - Can interact with lithium but not the primary concern.
Question 2 of 5
A client is taking pyridostigmine for muscle weakness associated with myasthenia gravis. The nurse educates the client on which possible cholinergic side effects associated with this medication? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: The correct choices for cholinergic side effects associated with pyridostigmine are excessive sweating (
C), bradycardia (
D), and excessive lacrimation (E). Pyridostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases acetylcholine levels, leading to increased parasympathetic activity. Excessive sweating occurs due to overstimulation of sweat glands by acetylcholine. Bradycardia results from enhanced vagal tone on the heart, slowing the heart rate. Excessive lacrimation is due to increased stimulation of the lacrimal glands. Tachycardia (
A) is not a typical cholinergic side effect but rather an anticholinergic effect. Dry mouth (
B) is a common anticholinergic side effect, not cholinergic.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing a client's daily medications taken at home. Which of the following medications has a risk of dependency if used daily?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bisacodyl (Dulcolax). Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative that can lead to dependency when taken daily due to its mechanism of action on the intestines. It can cause the intestines to become reliant on the medication for regular bowel movements, leading to a potential need for increasing doses over time. Psyllium (
A) and Polyethylene glycol (
B) are bulk-forming laxatives that do not carry the same risk of dependency. Ondansetron (
C) is an antiemetic used for nausea and vomiting, not associated with dependency.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a client experiencing atrial fibrillation. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would the nurse assess to reduce the incidence of toxicity with digoxin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Low potassium levels can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity as digoxin competes with potassium for binding sites on the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. Hypokalemia can potentiate the effects of digoxin leading to toxicity. Assessing potassium levels and ensuring they are within normal range is crucial to prevent digoxin toxicity.
Choice A (Hypocalcemia) is incorrect as it does not directly impact digoxin toxicity.
Choice C (Hypophosphatemia) and D (Hypernatremia) are also incorrect as they do not have a significant effect on digoxin toxicity.
Question 5 of 5
A client diagnosed with trichomoniasis is prescribed metronidazole (Flagyl). The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which contraindication associated with this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Alcohol. Metronidazole interacts with alcohol to cause a disulfiram-like reaction, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, headache, and flushing. This is due to the inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to accumulation of acetaldehyde. Avoiding alcohol while taking metronidazole is crucial to prevent these adverse effects.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there are no specific contraindications between metronidazole and tyramine-based foods, dairy, or milkshakes.