ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 IV Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for a metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The correct answers are A, B, C, and E. A spacer improves drug delivery and reduces side effects. Inhaling slowly helps medication reach the lungs. Holding the mouthpiece between the lips ensures proper inhalation technique. Rinsing the mouth after use prevents oral thrush.
Choice D is incorrect as the inhaler may be for prevention too.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is dehydrated and receiving IV fluid replacement. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates the treatment has been effective?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Moist oral mucous membranes. This indicates the IV fluid replacement has been effective in rehydrating the client. Moist oral mucous membranes are a sign of adequate hydration. Decreased blood pressure (
A) and increased heart rate (
B) are signs of dehydration, so these would not indicate effective treatment. Excessive thirst (
D) suggests ongoing dehydration. By assessing oral mucous membranes, the nurse can directly observe hydration status.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer the initial dose of penicillin G IM to a client. The nurse should monitor for which of the following as an indication of an allergic reaction following the injection?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urticaria. Urticaria, also known as hives, is a common manifestation of an allergic reaction to penicillin. It presents as raised, itchy welts on the skin. Monitoring for urticaria is crucial as it indicates a potential allergic response, which can progress to more severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Dyspepsia (
A) refers to indigestion and is not typically associated with allergic reactions. Bradycardia (
B) is a slow heart rate, which is not a common sign of an allergic reaction. Pallor (
C) refers to paleness of the skin and is a non-specific symptom that may not necessarily indicate an allergic reaction.
Therefore, the nurse should focus on monitoring for urticaria as a key sign of an allergic reaction to penicillin G IM.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving clindamycin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Watery diarrhea. Clindamycin is known to disrupt the normal balance of gut flora, leading to an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile bacteria, which can cause watery diarrhea. Hypertension (choice
A) is not a common adverse effect of clindamycin. Agitation (choice
B) is more commonly associated with stimulant medications. Blurred vision (choice
D) is not a typical side effect of clindamycin. In summary, watery diarrhea is the most likely adverse effect of clindamycin due to its impact on gut flora.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is mixing regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe prior to administering it to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inject air into the NPH vial first. This is because NPH insulin should be drawn up before regular insulin to prevent contamination. Injecting air into the NPH vial helps to equalize the pressure, making it easier to withdraw the correct dose. If regular insulin is drawn up first, there is a risk of contaminating the NPH vial with regular insulin.
Therefore, the nurse should always start by injecting air into the NPH vial before withdrawing the NPH insulin.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not follow the correct sequence of steps for mixing regular and NPH insulin, which could lead to inaccurate dosing or contamination.